Chapter A07 - Autoland

Question 1

The purpose of an autoland system, which has to be used together with an Instrument Landing System (ILS), is to enable aircraft to

Answer 1

make safe approaches and landings in weather conditions that would not otherwise be possible.

Question 2

The height that an aircraft can descend to on an ILS before becoming visual and landing is governed by five main factors:

Answer 2

• Weather conditions
• Runway and airfield location and facilities
• Aircraft performance and equipment fit
• Pilot training
• Operators approval

Question 3

We need atleast ? systems for autoland

Answer 3

Two systems (autopilot)

Question 4

The weather limits for an autoland landing are given in the following terms:

Answer 4

• Runway Visual Range (RVR): the range at which high intensity lights can be seen in the direction of the landing along the runway.
• Decision Height (DH): height above the runway threshold by which a go- around must be initiated by the pilot unless adequate visual reference has been established, and the position and approach path of the aircraft have been visually assessed as satisfactory to safely continue the approach or landing.

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

What are the autoland components?

Answer 6

Autopilot, Autothrust, Radio Altimeter, ILS Receivers

Question 7

What is Fail operational?

Answer 7

A system capable of completing an operation, following the failure of any single element or component of that system, without pilot action.

Question 8

What is Fail passive?

Answer 8

a system which, in the event of a failure, results in:

• No significant deviation in the aircraft flight path or attitude, and
• No out-of-trim condition at disengagement that is not easily controlled by the pilot.

Question 9

With 2 autopilots, a Fail Passive system exists. Should one autopilot fail, the other autopilot remains engaged but no _____ . The pilot needs to perform a landing or go-around manually.

Answer 9

• autoland ability exists

Question 10

Fail-Operational Hybrid Landing System - a system that consists of a _____ automatic landing system and a secondary independent guidance system enabling the pilot to complete a landing manually after failure of the primary system.

Answer 10

• primary fail-passive

Autopilot with HUD

Question 11

What is Alert Height ?

Answer 11

If a failure occurs below AH, it is considered safer to ignore the failure and continue the approach. Above alert height, the pilot would normally carry out a missed approach.

Question 12

Failures below AH prompting a go-around would have to be serious, and might include:

Answer 12

• The loss of all autopilots.
• Loss of ILS signal.
• Loss of ILS functionality (e.g. NAV failure)
• Radio altimeter failure.
• Excessive ILS deviation.

Question 13

How would you prepare for an autoland approach? 6 Bs

Answer 13

Boxes, Bearings, Bugs, Brakes, Briefing, Back end

Question 14

Answer 14

Question 15

At 1500 ft RA, the ________. FLARE mode becomes armed, and green CMD is displayed indicating ______ has engaged.

Answer 15

• second autopilot engages
• second autopilot

Question 16

50 ft RA _____ mode becomes active

Answer 16

FLARE

Question 17

At 27 ft RA, _____ mode engages and autothrottle retards the thrust for touchdown

Answer 17

RETARD

Question 18

Autothrottle disengages ______ touchdown or when reverse thrust is used.

Answer 18

2 seconds after

Question 19

How does rollout mode maintain centreline?

Answer 19

maintains centreline using rudder and nosewheel steering

Question 20

Where fitted, ROLLOUT continues to provide

Answer 20

• lateral guidance to the aircraft
  after touchdown.

Question 21

In the event of a failure, a fail-operational flight control system will operate as a:

Answer 21

Fail-passive system

Question 22

When an autoland system (autopilot) is described as fail operational it is:

Answer 22

Fail safe

Question 23

A flight control system is fail-operational if, in the event of a failure:

Answer 23

The approach, flare and landing can be completed automatically

Question 24

Can you still land with a fail-passive system?

Answer 24

Yes

Question 25

Concerning a fail-passive flight control system, in the event of a failure:, does it still remain in trim?

Answer 25

YES - It will fly you into the ground in trim

Question 26

A flight control system is fail-passive if, in the event of a failure:

Answer 26

There is no significant out-of-trim condition or deviation of flight path or attitude but the landing is not completed automatically

Question 27

An automatic landing system which can keep on operating without deterioration of its performances following the failure of one of the autopilots is called “FAIL…:

Answer 27

OPERATIONAL

Question 28

During a Category II automatic approach, the height information is supplied by the:

Answer 28

Radio altimeter