Chapter 9 Vocab #1

Question 1

scientific study of hormones and endocrine organs

Answer 1

endocrinology

Question 2

chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands; responsible for specific regulatory effects on certain cells, tissues, or organs

Answer 2

Hormones

Question 3

chemical classification of hormones including proteins, peptides, and amines

Answer 3

Amino-acid based molecule

Question 4

a specific group of chemical substances including certain hormones and cholesterol

Answer 4

steroids

Question 5

certain tissue/cells or organs that are hormone specific

Answer 5

target cell/target organ

Question 6

used in water-soluble hormones. A system used to relay a message inside of a cell that the hormone cannot directly enter. Ex. cAMP

Answer 6

Second messenger

Question 7

feedback that causes the stimulus to decline or end

Answer 7

Negative feedback

Question 8

region of the diencephalon forming the floor of the third ventricle of the brain

Answer 8

Hypothalamus

Question 9

glands and produce hormones that release into the blood or lymph

Answer 9

Ductless glands

Question 10

hormone produced by hypothalamus, controls the hormones released by the pituitary gland

Answer 10

Inhibitory hormones

Question 11

gland located in the brain about the side of a pea; called the ‘master gland’; has an anterior and posterior lobe

Answer 11

Pituitary gland

Question 12

hormone released that stimulates contractions in childbirth and the production of breast milk

Answer 12

Oxytocin

Question 13

also called antidiuretic; causes water retention, decreasing urination

Answer 13

Vasopressin

Question 14

type of hormones that stimulates their target organs (also endocrine glands) to secrete hormones that effect the body

Answer 14

Tropic hormone

Question 15

metabolic hormone, growth of bones and muscles

Answer 15

growth hormone

Question 16

hyper-secretion of GH in early childhood that results in individuals becoming extremely tall

Answer 16

Gigantism

Question 17

Hypo-secretion of GH in early childhood that results in individuals being miniature (Max of 4ft tall)

Answer 17

Pituitary dwarfism

Question 18

hormone that stimulates the release of breast milk

Answer 18

Prolactin

Question 19

regulate the hormones of the gonads (ovaries and testes)

Answer 19

Gonadotropic hormone

Question 20

located at the base of the throat, releases calcitonin to regulate calcium levels in the blood stream; releases T3 and T4 hormones

Answer 20

Thyroid gland

Question 21

small, cone-shaped gland; stimulates the release of the melatonin hormone

Answer 21

Pineal gland

Question 22

hormone that helps establish the body’s wake and sleep cycles

Answer 22

Melatonin

Question 23

enlargement of the thyroid gland that forms when someones’s diet is deficient in iodine

Answer 23

Goiters

Question 24

disease result of hypothyroidism; characterized by mental and physical sluggishness, puffiness of the face, fatigue, poor muscle tone, low body temperature, obesity and dry skin

Answer 24

Myxedema

Question 25

form of hypothyroidism; thyroid gland enlarges, eyes may bulge of intrude, plus symptoms of hyperthyroidism

Answer 25

Graves disease

Question 26

regulates blood calcium level; when Ca2+ level is too low, this hormone triggers it to be release from bone into the blood stream

Answer 26

Parathyroid hormone

Question 27

gland located on top of each kidney, two layers of the gland that produces epinephrine and glucorticoids

Answer 27

Adrenal glands

Question 28

type of glucorticoid that stimulates release of ions for sudden burst of energy

Answer 28

Cortisol

Question 29

male sex hormone

Answer 29

Androgens

Question 30

female sex hormone

Answer 30

Estrogens