Vocab #9

Question 1

Inability of a muscle to contract even while being stimulated

Answer 1

Muscle fatigue

Question 2

A single rapid contraction of a muscle followed by relaxation

Answer 2

Muscle twitch

Question 3

Sustained partial contraction of a muscle in response to stretch inputs; keeps the muscle healthy and ready to react

Answer 3

Muscle tone

Question 4

The connective tissue enveloping bundles of muscle fibers

Answer 4

Perimysium

Question 5

Fibrous or membranous sheet connecting a muscle and the part it moves

Answer 5

Aponeurosis

Question 6

Specialized muscle of the heart with Striations and intercalated discs, involuntary muscle

Answer 6

Cardiac muscle

Question 7

Muscle consisting of spindle-shaped, unstriped muscle cell; involuntary muscle

Answer 7

Smooth muscle

Question 8

Muscle composed of cylindrical multinucleate cells with obvious striations, the muscle attached to the bodies skeleton, also called voluntary muscle

Answer 8

Skeletal muscle

Question 9

Contractile organelles found in the cytoplasm of muscle cells

Answer 9

Myofibrils

Question 10

The smallest contractile unit of muscle; extends from one z-disc to the next

Answer 10

Sarcomere

Question 11

One of the principal contractile proteins found in muscle; makes up the filaments

Answer 11

Actin

Question 12

One of the principal contractile proteins found in muscle; makes up the thick filaments

Answer 12

Myosin

Question 13

Filaments composing the myofibrils. Two types: actin and myosin

Answer 13

Myofilament

Question 14

Muscle contraction in which the muscle does not completely relax between stimulation events; causes an increase in force because individual twitches are added together, or summed; also called incompletetanus

Answer 14

Unfused Tetanus

Question 15

A compound that transfers a phosphate group to ADP to regenerate ATP in muscle fibers

Answer 15

Creatine phosphate

Question 16

A process in which oxygen is consumed and glucose is broken down entirely; water, carbon dioxide, and large amounts of ATP are the final product

Answer 16

Aerobic respiration

Question 17

A process in which glucose is broken down in the absence of oxygen, resulting in the formation of 2 ATP molecules, and lactic acid

Answer 17

Anaerobic glycolysis

Question 18

The product of anaerobic metabolism, especially in muscle

Answer 18

Lactic Acid

Question 19

Refers to “same tone”; the muscle shortens as it contracts, and movement occurs

Answer 19

Isotonic Contraction

Question 20

A reduction in size or washing away of an organ or cell resulting from disease or lack of use

Answer 20

Atrophy

Question 21

Soft; flabby; relaxed

Answer 21

Flaccid

Question 22

Refers to “same length”, the muscle generates tension but does not shorten, and no movement occurs

Answer 22

Isometric contraction

Question 23

A movement that increases the angle, or distance, between 2 bones or part of the body

Answer 23

Extension

Question 24

Movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis

Answer 24

Rotation

Question 25

Moving a limb away from the midline, or medial plane, of the body

Answer 25

Abduction

Question 26

The movement of a limb toward the body movement

Answer 26

Adduction

Question 27

A movement, generally in the saggital plane, that decreases the angle of the joint and bring two bones close together

Answer 27

Flexion

Question 28

Occurs when the forearm rotates laterally so that the palm faces anteriorly and the radius and ulna are parallel, as in anatomical position

Answer 28

Suspination

Question 29

Occurs when the forearm rotates medially so that the palm faces posteriorly

Answer 29

Pronation

Question 30

Turn the sole medially

Answer 30

Inversion

Question 31

Turn the sole laterally

Answer 31

Eversion