Vocab #9 Flashcards
Inability of a muscle to contract even while being stimulated
Muscle fatigue
A single rapid contraction of a muscle followed by relaxation
Muscle twitch
Sustained partial contraction of a muscle in response to stretch inputs; keeps the muscle healthy and ready to react
Muscle tone
The connective tissue enveloping bundles of muscle fibers
Perimysium
Fibrous or membranous sheet connecting a muscle and the part it moves
Aponeurosis
Specialized muscle of the heart with Striations and intercalated discs, involuntary muscle
Cardiac muscle
Muscle consisting of spindle-shaped, unstriped muscle cell; involuntary muscle
Smooth muscle
Muscle composed of cylindrical multinucleate cells with obvious striations, the muscle attached to the bodies skeleton, also called voluntary muscle
Skeletal muscle
Contractile organelles found in the cytoplasm of muscle cells
Myofibrils
The smallest contractile unit of muscle; extends from one z-disc to the next
Sarcomere
One of the principal contractile proteins found in muscle; makes up the filaments
Actin
One of the principal contractile proteins found in muscle; makes up the thick filaments
Myosin
Filaments composing the myofibrils. Two types: actin and myosin
Myofilament
Muscle contraction in which the muscle does not completely relax between stimulation events; causes an increase in force because individual twitches are added together, or summed; also called incompletetanus
Unfused Tetanus
A compound that transfers a phosphate group to ADP to regenerate ATP in muscle fibers
Creatine phosphate
A process in which oxygen is consumed and glucose is broken down entirely; water, carbon dioxide, and large amounts of ATP are the final product
Aerobic respiration
A process in which glucose is broken down in the absence of oxygen, resulting in the formation of 2 ATP molecules, and lactic acid
Anaerobic glycolysis
The product of anaerobic metabolism, especially in muscle
Lactic Acid
Refers to “same tone”; the muscle shortens as it contracts, and movement occurs
Isotonic Contraction
A reduction in size or washing away of an organ or cell resulting from disease or lack of use
Atrophy
Soft; flabby; relaxed
Flaccid
Refers to “same length”, the muscle generates tension but does not shorten, and no movement occurs
Isometric contraction
A movement that increases the angle, or distance, between 2 bones or part of the body
Extension
Movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis
Rotation
Moving a limb away from the midline, or medial plane, of the body
Abduction
The movement of a limb toward the body movement
Adduction
A movement, generally in the saggital plane, that decreases the angle of the joint and bring two bones close together
Flexion
Occurs when the forearm rotates laterally so that the palm faces anteriorly and the radius and ulna are parallel, as in anatomical position
Suspination
Occurs when the forearm rotates medially so that the palm faces posteriorly
Pronation
Turn the sole medially
Inversion
Turn the sole laterally
Eversion
