Vocab Chapter 7 #1 Flashcards
the brain and the spinal cord
central nervous system
a system of nerves that connects the outlying parts of the body with the central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
carrying to or toward a center
afferent nerves
carrying away or away from
efferent nerves
the division of the nervous system that functions involuntarily; innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands, also called involuntarily nervous system
autonomic nervous system
a division of the peripheral nervous system; also called the voluntary nervous system
somatic nervous system
the non-neuronal tissue of the central nervous system that performs supportive and other functions; also called glial cells or glia
Neuroglia
type of CNS supporting cell, assists in exchanges between blood capillaries and neurons
Astrocytes
type of CNS supporting cell, phagocytes that ingest debris such as bacteria or dead cells
Microglia
type of CNS supporting cell; lines the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord and circulates cerebrospinal fluid with their beating cilia
Ependymal cells
type of CNS supporting cell that has many cellular processes, each of which makes up a myelin sheath.
Oligodendrocytes
type of neuroglia in the PNS; protects and cushions peripheral nerve cell bodies
satellite cells
type of neuroglia in the PNS; many Schwann cells for the myelin sheaths on a single neuron
Schwann cell
the branching extensions of neurons that carry electrical signals to the cell body; the receptive portion of a nerve cell
dendrites
neuron process that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body; efferent process, the conducting portion of a nerve cell
axon
indentations/gaps in myelin sheath
nodes of Ranvier
neurons with two processes, on axon and one dendrite, rare in adults
bipolar neurons
structural class of neuron with one processes extending from the cell body
unipolar neuron
structural class of neuron with more than two processes extending from the cell body
multipolar neuron
chemical released by neurons that may, upon binding to receptors of neurons of effector cells, stimulate or inhibit them
neurotransmitters
the region of communication between neurons, or a neuromuscular junction between a neuron and a muscle cell
synapse
tight coil of wrapped membrane; encloses the axon
myelin sheath
part of Schwann cell, external to the myelin sheath
neurilemma
autoimmune disorder of the CNS where myelin sheaths are converted into hardened scleroses in the brain and spinal cord; results in loss of control
multiple sclerosis
a group of nerve cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system
ganglia
gray area of the CNS, contains unmyelinated nerve fibers and nerve cell bodies
Gray matter
white substance of CNS; the myelinated nerve fibers
white matter
completes the pathway between afferent and efferent neurons; also called an association neuron
Interneuron
type of sensory receptor found in the dermis or epidermis
cutaneous sense organs
a receptor located in a muscle or tendon; concerned with locomotion, posture, and muscle tone
Proprioceptor
