Vocab #3 Flashcards
The control center of the cell
Nucleus
The structures in the nucleus that that carry the hereditary factors (genes)
Chromatin
Membrane that encloses cell contents, outer limiting membrane
Plasma membrane
Refers to the molecules, or portions of molecules, that interact with water and charged particles
Hydrophilic
Refers the molecules, or portions of molecules, that interact only with non polar molecules
Hydrophobic
The substance of a cell that other than that of the nucleus
Cytoplasm
Specialized structures in a cell that perform specific metabolic functions
Organelles
The rod like cytoplasmic organelles respond to ATP regeneration
Mitochondria
Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized
Ribosomes
A membrane network of tubular or sac like channels in the cytoplasm of a cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Membrane bound organelles responsible for modifying, packaging, and shipping proteins produced by rough ER to the appropriate destination
Golgi Apparatus
Organelles that originate from the Golgi apparatus and contain strong digestive enzymes
Lysosomes
Membranous sacs in the cytoplasm containing powerful oxidase enzymes that use molecular oxygen to detoxify harmful or toxic substances, such as free radicals
Peroxisomes
Literally, cell skeleton; internal framework or proteins that determine cell shape
Cytoskeleton
Tiny, hairlike projections on cell surfaces that move in a wave like manner
Cilia
Long, whiplike extensions of the cell membrane of some bacteria and sperm; serve to propel the cell
Flagella
The tiny projections on the free surfaces of some epithelial cells; increase surface area absorption
Microvilli
Characteristic exhibited by a barrier such as a membrane, that allows some substances through and excludes others
Selective permeability
The spreading of particles in a gas or solution with a movement toward uniform distribution of particles; also called simple diffusion
Diffusion
Carries sodium ions out and potassium ions into the cell
Sodium-potassium permeability
Method for the movement of substances from the cell interior to the extra cellular space as a secretory vesicles fuses with the plasma membrane (out of the cell)
Exocytosis
Means by which fairly large extracellular molecules or particles enter cells (into the cell)
Endocytosis
The ingestion of solid particles by cells
(Cells eating)
Phagocytosis
Elongated shape, abundant rough ER, large Golgi; connect body parts
Fibroblasts
Red blood cell; Carrie’s oxygen in blood
Erthocyte
Types of cell that covers the inside and outside of the body, perform many functions
Epithelial cell
Composed of indispose tissue, stores energy and fat
Fat cell
Cell particularly abundant in lymphatic and connective tissues; important in the immune system as an antigen presenter to T and B cells
Macrophage
Cell of the nervous system specialized to transmit messages through the body
Nerve cell (neuron)
An immature egg
Oocyte
