chapter 9: urban geography

Question 1

central business district

Answer 1

the downtown heart of a central city: high land values, concentration of business and commerce, and clustering of tallest buildings

Question 2

synekism

Answer 2

the possibility of change that results from people living together in cities

Question 3

urban

Answer 3

built up, nonrural area

Question 4

city

Answer 4

conglomeration of people and buildings clustered together to serve as a center of politics, culture, and economics

Question 5

agricultural village

Answer 5

small, egalitarian village where most of pop is involved in agriculture

Question 6

agricultural surplus

Answer 6

enables the formation of cities with help of social stratification; excess of agricultual production → pop boom

Question 7

social stratification

Answer 7

enables the formation of cities with help of agricultural surplus; differentiation of society into classes based on wealth, power, production, and prestige

Question 8

leadership class

Answer 8

group of decision makers and organizers in the early cities who controlled the resources, and often lives, of others

Question 9

first urban revolution

Answer 9

the innovation of the city, which occurred independently in 5 separate hearths

Question 10

mesopotamia

Answer 10

btwn tigris and euphrates rivers
1st urban hearth 3500 bce

Question 11

nile river valley

Answer 11

2nd urban hearth 3200 bce

Question 12

indus river valley

Answer 12

3rd urban hearth 2200 bce

Question 13

huang he and wei river valleys

Answer 13

4th urban hearth 1500 bce

Question 14

mesoamerica

Answer 14

5th urban hearth
200 bce

Question 15

secondary hearth

Answer 15

an early adopter of a cultural practice or trait that becomes a central locale from which the practice or trait further diffuses

Question 16

acropolis

Answer 16

“high point of the city” upper fortified part of an ancient greek city (typically religious)

Question 17

agora

Answer 17

ancient greece → public spaces where citizens debate, lecture, judge, military campaigns, socialize, and traded

Question 18

site

Answer 18

the internal physical attributes of a place; relative location or regional position with reference to other nonlocal places

Question 19

situation

Answer 19

the external locational attributes of a place, including absolute location, its spatial character and physical setting

Question 20

urban morphology

Answer 20

the study of physical form and structure of urban places

Question 21

forum

Answer 21

the focal point of ancient roman life combining the functions of the ancient greek acropolis and agora

Question 22

trade area

Answer 22

adjacent to every town and city within which its influence is dominant

Question 23

rank-size rule

Answer 23

idea that the pop will be inversely proportional to its rank in the the heirarchy

Question 24

primate city

Answer 24

a country’s largest city (top or urban hierarchy)

Question 25

central place theory

Answer 25

theory that explains where central places in the urban hierarchy should be functionally and spatially distributed with respect to one another
walter christaller

• flat with no barriers
• soil fertility
• pop evenly distributed purchasing power
• transportation
• goods sold in all directions

Question 26

sun belt phenomenon

Answer 26

the movement of millions to south & southwest regions

Question 27

functional zonation

Answer 27

the division of a city into different regions or zones for certain purposed or functions

Question 28

zone

Answer 28

area of a city with a relatively uniform land use

Question 29

central city

Answer 29

the older/orginal city

Question 30

suburb

Answer 30

subsidiary urban area surrounding and connected to the central city
best schools, safety, and more space

Question 31

suburbanization

Answer 31

movements of upper and middle class people from urban core areas to surrounding outskirts; began early 19th cent

Question 32

concentric zone model

Answer 32

structural model of american central city that suggests 5 concentric land-use rings arranged around common center
burgess

Question 33

edge cities

Answer 33

cities that shift focus from CBD; office, retail space, modern buildings

Question 34

megacities

Answer 34

10m + residents

Question 35

griffin-ford model

Answer 35

latin american city model; blend of traditional elements and globalization

Question 36

shantytowns

Answer 36

unplanned slum development on the margins of cities dominated by crude dwellings

Question 37

disamenity sector

Answer 37

the poorest parts of cities that are controlled by gangs or drug lords

Question 37

mcgee model

Answer 37

southeast asia city model

Question 38

zoning laws

Answer 38

legal restrictions on land use that determine what types of building and economic activities are allowed to take place in certain areas
ex. residential, industrial, retail

Question 39

redlining

Answer 39

discriminatory real estate practive where members of minorities are prevented from obtaining money to purchase homes in white neighborhoods

Question 40

blockbusting

Answer 40

rapid change in he racial composition of residential blocjs that occurs when real estate agents stir up fear of neighborhood decline after encouraging pocs to move into white neighborhoods → outmigration & real estate profit

Question 41

commercialization

Answer 41

the transformation of an area of a city into an area attractive to resident and tourists alike in terms of economic activity

Question 42

gentrification

Answer 42

the rehabilitation of deteriorated, often abandones, housing of low income inner city residents

Question 43

teardowns

Answer 43

homes bought in many american suburbs with the intent of tearing them down and replacing them with much larger homes often referred to as mcmansions

Question 44

mcmansions

Answer 44

homes reffered to as such for their “super size” and similarity in appearance to other such homes; often built in place of tear-downs in american suburbs

Question 45

urban sprawl

Answer 45

unrestricted growth in many american urban areas of housing, commercial development, and roads over large expanses of land, with little concern for urban planning

Question 46

new urbanism

Answer 46

an urban design that calls for development, urban revitalization, and suburban reforms that create walkable neighborhoods with a diversity of housing and jobs

Question 47

gated communities

Answer 47

restricted neighborhoods or subdivisions, where entry is limited to residents and their guests

Question 48

informal economy

Answer 48

economic activity that is neither taxed nor monitored by the government

Question 49

world city

Answer 49

dominant city in terms of its role in the global political economy

Question 50

spaces of consumption

Answer 50

areas of a city where people consume goods and services

Question 51

sector model

Answer 51

hoyt
model of amercian city where city grows outward from center; pie slices

Question 52

multiple nuclei model

Answer 52

harris, ullman
amercian city model where the cbd loses its dominant postition to other urban regions

Question 53

the rich typically live directly next to

Answer 53

the poor

Question 54

government action revolving cities

Answer 54

reviving, cleaning, and commercializing dead cities ex DTLA
→ gentrification & increasing property value

Question 55

core cities

Answer 55

constantly remade

Question 56

hexagonal hinterlands

Answer 56

hierarchy that is spacially balanced
success tied to trade area, pop size, and distance from city

Question 57

city planning

Answer 57

relieves city from crowds and unsanitary conditions