chapter 8: political geography Flashcards
(61 cards)
political geography
study on how and why political spaces emerge & how they effect social, political, economic, and environmental understandings and practices
state
a politically organized territory that is administered by a sovereign government and is recognized by a significant portion of the international community
territoriality
sense of property and attachment to territory → determination to defend it
sovereignty
final authority over social, economic, and political matters should rest with the legitimate rulers of independent states
territorial integrity
the right of a state to defend sovereign territory against incursion from other states
mercantilism
promotion of commercialism & trade
peace of westphalia
negotiated in 1648 to end 30 years war
recognized statehood & nationhood, clearly defined borders, and guarantees of security
nation
term encompassing all the citizens of a state; tightly knit group of people who bond over language, ethnicity, religion, and other shared cultural attributes
nation-state
a recognized member of the modern state system possessing formal sovereignty where everyone sees themselves as a united nation
the goal for many countries but not common
desire of government → stability in society but cancels out other forms of identity (only nationalism) → can lead to focus on race → “pure/superior race”
democracy
government based on the principles that the people have final say over what happens within the state
multinational state
state where there is more than one nation in its borders
ex. former yugoslavia
multistate nation
nation that stretches across state borders
ex. transylvania (romania & hungary)
stateless nation
nation that does not have a state
ex.palestine, kurdistan
colonialism
rule by an autonomous power iver a subordinate and alien people and place
world-systems theory
Immanuel Wallerstein → three tier structure
social change is linked to economic activities
capitalism
economic model wherein people. corporations, and states produce goods and exchange them on the world market to get profit
commodiication
where something that did not have monetary value is now given monetary value
core
states that incorporate higher levels of education, salaries, and more technology
these states generate the most wealth in the 3 tier system
periphery
states that incorporate lower levels of education, lower salaries, and less technology; generate least wealth
semiperiphery
places where the core & periphery processes are both occurring; places that are exploited by the core but exploit the periphery
centripetal
forces that UNIFY a country
ex. commitment to natl culture, shared ideological objectives, and common faith
centrifugal
forces that DIVIDE a country
ex. religious, linguistic, ethnic, or ideological differences
unitary
a nation-state that has a centralized gov & administration that exercises power equally over all parts of the state
→ minority groups get suppressed
federal
political territory where a central gov represents regions
common interests: defense, foreign affairs, etc
→ state rights v fed gov
