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Biology > Chapter 9 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Test Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A calorie is the amount of energy needed to _____ 1 degree Celsius.

A

raise the temperature of 1 gram of water

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2
Q

how do cells use energy

A

burn food
break down bonds gradually and use the stored energy to produce other compounds like ATP.

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3
Q

how do cells prefer to break bonds

A

gradually

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4
Q

Cells burn food (_____) and release energy as _____.

A

break bonds
heat

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5
Q

Prefer to break down bonds gradually and use the stored energy to _____

A

produce other compounds like ATP

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6
Q

Cellular Respiration occurs in _____ cells.

A

all eukaryotic

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7
Q

Cellular respiration formula

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

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8
Q

Stages of Cellular Respiration:

A

Glycolysis (cytoplasm)
The Krebs Cycle (mitochondrial matrix)
Electron Transport Chain (inner membrane of mitochondria)

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9
Q

Where is Glycolysis located? `

A

(cytoplasm)

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10
Q

Where is The Krebs Cycle located?

A

(mitochondrial matrix)

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11
Q

Where is the Electron Transport Chain located?

A

(inner membrane of mitochondria)

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12
Q

What are the Pathways of Cellular Respiration

A

Aerobic and anaerobic respiration

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13
Q

aerobic

A

requires oxygen

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14
Q

anaerobic

A

does not require oxygen

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15
Q

What are the two kinds of aerobic respiration

A

The Krebs Cycle
The Electron Transport Chain

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16
Q

What are the two kinds of anaerobic respiration

A

glycolysis
fermentation

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17
Q

Where does respiration take place?

A

Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell.
Krebs and ETC takes place inside the mitochondria.

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18
Q

Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration:
Energy:
Photo -
CR -

A

Photo-Deposits
CR-Withdraws

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19
Q

Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration:
Carbon dioxide:
Photo -
CR -

A

Photo-removes it from the atmosphere
CR-puts it back into the atmosphere

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20
Q

Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration:
Oxygen:
Photo -
CR -

A

Photo-releases it into the atmosphere.
CR-Takes it in from atmosphere to release energy from food.

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21
Q

Why does cellular respiration rely on autotrophes?

A

autotrophes make glucose through the process of photosynthesis

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22
Q

In Glycolysis, glucose is transformed into _____

A

pyruvic acid.

23
Q

What is the net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose from glycolysis

A

2

24
Q

How many high energy electrons are passed to the electron carriers NAD+ in glycolysis

A

4

25
Q

Four high energy electrons are passed to _____ in glycolysis

A

the electron carriers NAD+

26
Q

What happens when Pyruvic acid is formed in glycolysis

A

1 molecule of glucose C6H12O6 bonds are broken

27
Q

In glycolysis how many ATP are…
invested?
Produced?
net?

A

Investment 2
production 4
net 2

28
Q

How many pyruvic acids are formed in the process of glycolysis

A

2

29
Q

Does the Krebs cycle need oxygen

A

yes

30
Q

In the Krebs Cycle, _____ is broken down into _____ in a series of energy-extracting steps

A

Pyruvic acid
carbon dioxide

31
Q

what happens to co2 in the krebs cycle

A

it is exhaled

32
Q

In the krebs cycle, The _____, when in the presence of oxygen, generate huge amounts of _____.

A

electrons in NADH
ATP

33
Q

In the ETC, The electrons are passed down the chain transporting ____ across the membrane and creates a _____(_____).

A

H+ ions
negative region (chemiosmosis)

34
Q

In the ETC, every time the electrons move, _____ move, thus ATP is created by _____.

A

H+ ions
ATP synthase

35
Q

In ETC, as each pair of electrons from NADH moves down the length of the ETC _____ are produced and __ for _____

A

3 molecules of ATP
2 for FADH2

36
Q

Per one glucose molecule, what percent becomes ATP and where does the other percentace go

A

38% becomes ATP
the other 62% is lost to heat

37
Q

Where do the ATPs come from and how many

A

2 from glycolysis
2 from Krebs Cycle
34 from Electron Transport Chain

38
Q

The Pyruvic acid produced in glycolysis enters the _____ if oxygen is present in a cell

A

mitochonria

39
Q

In the matrix pyruvic acid is converted to _____ acid before the krebs cycle begins

A

Acetic

40
Q

In fermentation _____ is regenerated so glycolysis can continue.

A

NAD+

41
Q

What are the two forms of fermentation

A
  1. Alcoholic Fermentation
  2. Lactic Acid Fermentation
42
Q

What does Alcoholic Fermentation produce

A

ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide

43
Q

Alcoholic Fermentation causes _____ and _____.

A

bread to rise
creates alcohol for beverages

44
Q

Lactic Acid Fermentation is used for food to create _____

A

sour tastes.

45
Q

Lactic acid is used for what foods

A

cheese, yogurt, sour cream

46
Q

Humans are _____ fermenters especially in _____

A

lactic acid
the muscles

47
Q

If you want Quick Energy use _____

A

Lactic Acid Fermentation

48
Q

Lactic Acid Fermentation uses Energy stored in _____ is only supplied for _____.

A

the ATP of cells
a short burst of energy

49
Q

Where is lactic acid fermentation used

A

muscles

50
Q

If you want long term energy use _____

A

cellular respiration

51
Q

If you need a burst of energy, this energy comes from _____fermentation

A

lactic acid

52
Q

When exercising for 20 minutes, you rbody uses _____

A

cellular respiration

53
Q

What product of the krebs cycle is not re used or used on other stages of cellular respiration

A

carbon dioxide

Biology (13 decks)

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