Chapter 21 Part 1

Question 1

What are protists?

Answer 1

Single-celled eukaryotes that are not members of the plant, fungi or animal Kingdoms.

Question 2

Are protists unicellular or multicellular?

Answer 2

Most are unicellular. Kelp is multicellular.

Question 3

why do protists have more differences?

Answer 3

they were the first eukaryotes so they have had longer to evolve

Question 4

What is amoeboid Movement?

Answer 4

Move by changing shape.

Question 5

_____ are Temporary projections of cytoplasm that cause the cytoplasm to flow forward propelling the organism forward. Used by the _____.

Answer 5

Pseudopods
ameba

Question 6

_____ are short numerous structures supported by microtubules that row like oars on a boat. Used by _____.

Answer 6

Cilia
ciliates

Question 7

Alternation of Generations-Sexual Ex. Oomycota (water mold) _____. Alternate between _____ and _____ stages

Answer 7

2 different life cycles and structures
haploid
diploid

Question 7

Water molds reproduce asexually by _____

Answer 7

producing sporangium that contain spores

Question 7

Long structures supported by microtubules that spin like propellers or whip back and forth to produce movement.

Answer 7

Flagella

Question 7

Exchange of genetic information and then the cell goes into mitosis. what is an example of this?

Answer 7

Conjugation
Paramecium

Question 8

Autotrophic Protists:
Phytoplankton that are small, free-floating organism are found at _____ carry out _____ of the photosynthesis on earth and are the _____

Answer 8

the surface of the oceans and lakes
half
primary food source for water life like wales

Question 9

_____-Have to obtain food from other living organisms.

Answer 9

Heterotrophic Protists

Question 10

How do amoebas capture and digest food?

Answer 10

through the use of pseudopods that form food vacuoles to temporarily store food until it is broken down by lysosomes

Question 11

Slime molds are _____ that form large structures that have many nuclei called _____ that absorb _____ for _____ through their _____

Answer 11

individual amebo forms
plasmodium
molecules
nutrients
cell walls and membranes

Question 12

What are Symbiotic Protists?

Answer 12

Two species live close together

Question 13

What does it mean when you say symbiotic protists are mutualistic?

Answer 13

they benefit both parties

Question 14

name a parasitic symbiotic protist and what is it and what does it cause

Answer 14

plasmodium
they require two host to complete its life cycle
malaria

Question 15

Describe the three steps that amoebas use to obtain food.

Answer 15

Amoebas obtain food using pseudopodia. Pseudopodia are temporary projections of cytoplasm that cause the cytoplasm to flow forward propelling the organism forward. The amoeba then collects the food by surrounding it with its pseudopodia creating a food vacuum. Lysosomes then release enzymes that break down the food particle and the nutrients are absorbed.

Question 16

What is a vector?

Answer 16

A vector is a carrier of a disease-causing agent from an infected individual to a non-infected individual.

Question 17

what is the vector with African sleep sickness?

Answer 17

the tsetse fly

Question 18

what is the protist responsively for the diseaseAfrican sleeping sickness?

Answer 18

trypanosoma

Question 19

when does transmission occur in the first host for african sleep sickness

Answer 19

when it bites an infected animal and the protist enters the stomach and then enters the digestive tract. In the digestive tract, the protist transforms into an adult and then goes into the salivary gland.

Question 20

when does transmission occur in the second host for African sleep syndrom

Answer 20

when the tsetse fly bites it and its saliva enters the second host’s bloodstream.

Question 21

how does African sleep sickness affect the second host

Answer 21

The protist then damages the nerves in the central nervous system (affecting the brain) and they then lose consciousness and fall into a fatal sleep.

Question 22

List two diseases that are spread by insects and caused by protists

Answer 22

African sleep sickness
malaria

Question 23

What is the vector for malaria

Answer 23

anopheles mosquito

Question 24

what is the protist responsible for malaria

Answer 24

plasmodium

Question 25

when does transmission in the first host occur for malaria

Answer 25

Transmission in the first host occurs when the mosquito bites an infected human/animal and picks up the plasmodium gametes. These gametes enter the digestive tract and become sporozoites. These sporozoites then go up to the salivary glands.

Question 26

when does transmission in the second host occur for malaria?

Answer 26

Transmission occurs in the second host when the mosquito bites them and transfers the sporozoites from its salivary glands into the human, where they enter the bloodstream. Once the protist reaches the second host’s liver, they become marozites released to infect blood cells. Then the red blood cells lyse releasing toxins that cause malaria in the human host.