Chapter 21 Part 1 Flashcards
What are protists?
Single-celled eukaryotes that are not members of the plant, fungi or animal Kingdoms.
Are protists unicellular or multicellular?
Most are unicellular. Kelp is multicellular.
why do protists have more differences?
they were the first eukaryotes so they have had longer to evolve
What is amoeboid Movement?
Move by changing shape.
_____ are Temporary projections of cytoplasm that cause the cytoplasm to flow forward propelling the organism forward. Used by the _____.
Pseudopods
ameba
_____ are short numerous structures supported by microtubules that row like oars on a boat. Used by _____.
Cilia
ciliates
Alternation of Generations-Sexual Ex. Oomycota (water mold) _____. Alternate between _____ and _____ stages
2 different life cycles and structures
haploid
diploid
Water molds reproduce asexually by _____
producing sporangium that contain spores
Long structures supported by microtubules that spin like propellers or whip back and forth to produce movement.
Flagella
Exchange of genetic information and then the cell goes into mitosis. what is an example of this?
Conjugation
Paramecium
Autotrophic Protists:
Phytoplankton that are small, free-floating organism are found at _____ carry out _____ of the photosynthesis on earth and are the _____
the surface of the oceans and lakes
half
primary food source for water life like wales
_____-Have to obtain food from other living organisms.
Heterotrophic Protists
How do amoebas capture and digest food?
through the use of pseudopods that form food vacuoles to temporarily store food until it is broken down by lysosomes
Slime molds are _____ that form large structures that have many nuclei called _____ that absorb _____ for _____ through their _____
individual amebo forms
plasmodium
molecules
nutrients
cell walls and membranes
What are Symbiotic Protists?
Two species live close together
What does it mean when you say symbiotic protists are mutualistic?
they benefit both parties
name a parasitic symbiotic protist and what is it and what does it cause
plasmodium
they require two host to complete its life cycle
malaria
Describe the three steps that amoebas use to obtain food.
Amoebas obtain food using pseudopodia. Pseudopodia are temporary projections of cytoplasm that cause the cytoplasm to flow forward propelling the organism forward. The amoeba then collects the food by surrounding it with its pseudopodia creating a food vacuum. Lysosomes then release enzymes that break down the food particle and the nutrients are absorbed.
What is a vector?
A vector is a carrier of a disease-causing agent from an infected individual to a non-infected individual.
what is the vector with African sleep sickness?
the tsetse fly
what is the protist responsively for the diseaseAfrican sleeping sickness?
trypanosoma
when does transmission occur in the first host for african sleep sickness
when it bites an infected animal and the protist enters the stomach and then enters the digestive tract. In the digestive tract, the protist transforms into an adult and then goes into the salivary gland.
when does transmission occur in the second host for African sleep syndrom
when the tsetse fly bites it and its saliva enters the second host’s bloodstream.
how does African sleep sickness affect the second host
The protist then damages the nerves in the central nervous system (affecting the brain) and they then lose consciousness and fall into a fatal sleep.
List two diseases that are spread by insects and caused by protists
African sleep sickness
malaria
What is the vector for malaria
anopheles mosquito
what is the protist responsible for malaria
plasmodium
when does transmission in the first host occur for malaria
Transmission in the first host occurs when the mosquito bites an infected human/animal and picks up the plasmodium gametes. These gametes enter the digestive tract and become sporozoites. These sporozoites then go up to the salivary glands.
when does transmission in the second host occur for malaria?
Transmission occurs in the second host when the mosquito bites them and transfers the sporozoites from its salivary glands into the human, where they enter the bloodstream. Once the protist reaches the second host’s liver, they become marozites released to infect blood cells. Then the red blood cells lyse releasing toxins that cause malaria in the human host.
