Chapter 11/12/13 Test Flashcards
Homologous chromosomes that are same or similar chromosomes in males and females
Autosomes
Chromosomes that are different in males and females.
Sex chromosomes
Traits that are produced through the interaction of several genes
Polygenic Traits
Only gets 1 sex chromosome. X. Appear female but sex organs do not develop at puberty. 45X or 45X
Turner syndrome
What is the karyotype of a person with Turner Syndrome
45X or 45XO
Get two X’s and 1 Y. Appear male but are sterile.47XXY
Klinefelter syndrome
WHat is a karyotype of a person with Klinefelter Syndrome
47XXY
A gene with more than two alleles.
Multiple alleles
A gene located on one of the sex chromosomes.
Sex-Linked genes
Both alleles are active so both are expressed.
Codominance
The active allele does not completely dominate over the inactive allele so the outcome is in between.
Incomplete Dominance
A trait that is caused by a gene whose expression is different in males and females.
Sex-Influenced traits
Mistakes in gene information transfer.
Mutations
involve segments, whole or sets of chromosomes.
Chromosomal Mutations
Part of one nonhomologous chromosome breaks off and attaches to another.
Translocation
Mistakes that affect reproductive cells.
Germ Mutation
Mistakes that affect body cells.
Somatic Mutation
A segment is repeated.
Duplication
Changes that affect one single protein
Point mutation
Oriented in the reverse of its usual direction.
Inversion
The loss of part of a chromosome.
Deletion
Failure of chromosomes (meiosis I) or chromatids (meiosis II) to separate properly and the results
Nondisjunction
What is a karyotype of a person with Down Syndrome
Trisomy 21
A protein is inserted or deleted so it changes the sequence completely.
Frameshift mutation
In sex determination what is essential? -
X
Give all the possible genotypic combinations for a person with A blood.
I^A I^A, I^A i
Give all the possible genotypic combinations for a person with B blood.
I^B I^B, I^B i
Give all the possible genotypic combinations for a person with AB blood.
I^A I^B
Give all the possible genotypic combinations for a person with O blood.
ii
What is the genotype of a universal donor? (Include Rh factor)
ii, Rh-
