CHapter 9 Stratification and mobility

Question 1

Preston curve

Answer 1

shows the strong positive association between economic development and life expectancy

Question 2

valuable goods

Answer 2

something that people value (well-being, living standards, health)

Question 3

social study of stratification

Answer 3

study of unequal distribution of valuable goods (can have between and within country stratification)

Question 4

social class

Answer 4

group of people who hold similar occupational positions (capitalist/laborers) (more or less same access to valuable goods) critique: better to have soc-ec index with continuum instead of clusters

Question 5

social status

Answer 5

subjective ranking of occupations in terms of prestige and respect
(class and status are analytically different, but people with high social class positions tend to get more respect and prestige )

Question 6

Treiman constant

Answer 6

prestige is
- independent of wording (prestige, social standing,respect)
- same outcome when asked to different groups
- highly similar across space and time

Question 7

Gini coefficient

Answer 7

measure of stratification in society which runs from 0-100 (income- does not include savings assets, savings)

Question 8

the one percent

Answer 8

much of wealth in hands of top 1 percent

Question 9

long term changes in stratification

Answer 9

wealth and income stratification has increased since 1980
evidence shows that withing stratification over whole history is cyclical (wars (costly for rich) and epidemics (high wages)

Question 10

social mobility

Answer 10

study of changes between social positions, ranges from rigid to open

Question 11

intergenerational mobility

Answer 11

changing positions between parents and their children in the stratification system (most studies by sociologists)

Question 12

intragenerational mobility

Answer 12

changing position in the stratification system over the life course

Question 13

mobility table

Answer 13

table which cross- classifies origin and destination position in the stratification system

Question 14

absolute mobility

Answer 14

total number of positional changes

Question 15

structural mobility

Answer 15

mobility due to changes in the volumes (margins) of avaible social positions

Question 16

relative mobility

Answer 16

inequality between children from (different) social origins in their opportunity to access social positions

Question 17

ascription

Answer 17

characteristics set at birth , such as family origin and ethnic origin

Question 18

achievement

Answer 18

personal effort, skills, talent and performance

Question 19

The american occupational structure (Blau and Duncan) (status attainment process)

Answer 19

parent soc-ec status
education occupational status
(all positive)

Question 20

modernization and mobility theory

Answer 20

kijk schrift

Question 21

changes in labor market

Answer 21

due to modernization , achievement becomes more important

Question 22

modernization process (3)

Answer 22

1) increasing specialization (new skill and talent needed- not simply inherit)
2) educational expansion (more people educated)
3) increasing geographical mobility (find work outside community- recruit on skill and talent- not just convenience)

Question 23

Why not always shift from ascription-achievement

Answer 23

1) political regime
2) families strive for status maintenance and distinction

Question 24

Cultural reproduction theory

Answer 24

kijk schrift

Question 25

cultural capital

Answer 25

affinity with higher status, values , beliefs and corresponding practices + language competencies

Question 26

compensatory mechanism

Answer 26

strategic behaviour of high -status parents to maintain their high-status in times of modernization

Question 27

intergenerational elasticity

Answer 27

Extent to which the relative positions of parents in income distribution is a determinant for the relaitve position of their children in income distribution (IGE=0 Child independent from parent)