Chapter 11 Immigration and Integration

Question 1

Role of sociologists in this debate

Answer 1

description/ explanations/application

Question 2

two clustersq

Answer 2

international migration/integration

Question 3

international migration in four different periods

Answer 3

International migration in four different periods
- Mercantile period (1500-1800) Slavery
- Industrial period (1800-1914) cheap labor (mostly from Asia), Europeans immigrated to VS and Oceanie
- Period of limited migration ( 1914-1945) economic crises and hostility towards immigrants
- Post-industrial period (1945-present) global phenomen, guestworkers, refugees, former colonies

Question 4

foreign born population(first generation)

Answer 4

people born abroad

Question 5

second generation

Answer 5

people born in the host country, with at least one foreign-born parent

Question 6

ancestry

Answer 6

subjective identification with certain ethnic origin(s)

Question 7

new perspectives on ethnic origin

Answer 7

(subjective) identification, multilayered (regional-national-continental) Cohesive (not necessarily make up a ethnic group with group favoritism and social norms)

Question 8

ethnic groups

Answer 8

people affiliated to the same origin beyond family roots

Question 9

ethnic diversity

Answer 9

ethnic heterogeneity of a population

Question 10

ethnic diversity index

Answer 10

chech sv

Question 11

Integration 3 ways

Answer 11

normative/emperical, one sided (only ethnic minorities)/multisided (ethnic minority and majority), unidimensional (only economic)/multidimensional (complex concept)

Question 12

integration (3 dimensions)

Answer 12

similarity of -cultural (opinions,norms and corresponding practices), social (intergroup cohesion), economic (realizing valued goods, education also!)

Question 13

integration

Answer 13

degree of all 3 (cultural,economic and social) between ehtnic groups

Question 14

immigrant integration proposition

Answer 14

P. With increasing length of stay of an ethnic minority group in a certain country, this ethnic minority group becomes more integrated. (immigrant integration)

Question 15

immigrant assimilation

Answer 15

assimilation to indicate a “stronger” version of the immigrant integration proposition, namely the proposition that, over time, the ethnic minority and majority groups become indistinguishable, fully “assimilated,” and eventually ethnic group affiliation is no longer a meaningful social categorization (is debatable)

Question 16

integration process

Answer 16

With increasing length of stay of an ethnic minority group in a certain country, this ethnic minority group becomes more integrated. (supported by data)

Question 17

integration depends on

Answer 17

ethnic group, receiving context and interplay between two

Question 18

ethnic groups differ in integration process due

Answer 18

religion, education, migration motives, skin color, official language, historical relation to host country, number of group members (give example )

Question 19

countries and regions can impact the process of integration due

Answer 19

integration policies, anti immigrant sentiments and support for anti-immigrant political parties, certain institutional and labor market conditions (ex, educational system timing of selection)

Question 20

case study of honor

Answer 20

Culture of honor= culture which strongly endorses/values reputation and the right to self-defense in case one’s honor is threatened
Due to formal control the honor values were no longer needed in the North and they adjusted their values to these changing circumstances (adaption bias), in contrast with the south were it remained more strongly
In a study a regional pattern was found with outcome that Southeners appeared more positive towards the right to kill someone for purposes of self-defense
Study was supported by mixed method approach of :
- Nationwide survey (a man has right to kill for self- defense/family/house)
- Lab experiment (students getting bumped into and called assholes)
- Field experiment (among employers with participant who had killed for “honor

Question 21

selective integration

Answer 21

three dimensions (Cse) work out independently within integration

Question 22

integration spillover effect

Answer 22

stronger integration in one dimension goes hand in hand with other dimensions (ex work (ec) enforces friends (soc))

Question 23

ethnic inequality

Answer 23

ethnic majority members have better labor market positions than non-western ethnic minority groups in contemporary western societies

Question 24

inequality of

Answer 24

outcomes (position in labor market)
opportunity (access resources)
returns (importance resources to get position in labor market)

Question 25

proposition human capital and job outcomes

Answer 25

- Thus, non-western ethnic groups typically face deficiencies in their education and language skills upon entry - Acquiring the official language of the host country (cultural integration) significantly improves one’s prospects in the labor market (Dustmann & Fabbri, 2003), which means that the processes of cultural and economic integration do not always work independently from each other.

Question 26

social resources and job outcomes

Answer 26

- Group-bridging ties are critical for non- western ethnic groups (because increasing social integration lead to better economic integration)

Question 27

discrimination and job outcomes

Answer 27

- In- group favoritism can result in ethnic discrimination in the labor market - (1) there is substantial discrimination against ethnic and racial minority groups in western labor markets, (2) discrimination is cumulative, as it occurs at multiple stages (i.e., application stage and job-hiring stage). - Not only labor market (housing, credit, consumer - In-group favoritism and anti-ethnic minority sentiments contribute to ethnic inequalities, which means that better intergroup cohesion (social integration) has a positive impact on economic integration.

Question 28

residential segregation

Answer 28

unequal distribution of groups across geographical areas

Question 29

ethnic residential segregation is linked to

Answer 29

ethnic inequality, limited interethnic contacts and development of intergroup prejudice (ex. Black hypersegregation)

Question 30

dissimilarity index

Answer 30

This measure captures how evenly members of a certain group are distributed across certain geographical areas. D ranges between 0 (perfect integration) to 1 (perfect segregation). Conceptually speaking, it represents the proportion of group members that would have to move to another geographical area to achieve an even distribution

Question 31

the schelling model

Answer 31

These were, to repeat: there are two groups (Blacks, Whites) who can decide to stay in their neighborhood or move to another neighborhood and who have only mild in-group preferences (threshold > 33% same-race). The migration of the White person to another neighborhood leaves an empty cell at E2 and this alters the racial composition of the neighborhood this person left behind and it also changes the composition of the neighborhood to which this person has moved.