Chapter 9 - Spirituality and Stress

Question 1

How much of the population is still involved in some form of religious or spiritual practice?

Answer 1

90%

Question 2

What two groups of people are more likely to use prayer?

Answer 2

older people

african americans

Question 3

What are the definitions of spiritual health?

Answer 3

adherence to a religious doctrine

the ability to discover and express your purpose in life - to learn how to experience joy, peace, and fulfillment, and to help yourself and others achieve full potential

Question 4

Dr. Dean Ornish believed that a lack of ____ and _____ health is the basic cause of heart disease

Answer 4

emotional

spiritual

Question 5

Dr. Ornish’s program includes activities designed to help individuals increase their connectedness with ____ , _____ and a higher ____.

Answer 5

self
others
higher power

Question 6

Jon Kabat-Zinn uses mindfulness ______ which helps decrease ____ _____ , ______ , _____ , and _____

Answer 6

meditation
chronic pain
anxiety
stress
depression

Question 7

Jon Kabat-Zinn helps patients to live in the ____ , become acutely aware of _____ , _____ , and ____.

Answer 7

moment
feelings
thoughts
sensations

Question 8

Spiritual health may include answers to such questions as …

Answer 8

who am I?
why am I here?
where am I headed?

Question 9

what is religion?

Answer 9

a social concept that involves beliefs, practices, and rituals related to the sacred

consists of specific rules, regulations, responsibilities

speaks to life after death and proscribes rules to guide behavior

-An organized entity in which people have common beliefs and engage in common practices relevant to spiritual matters

Question 10

What is spirituality?

Answer 10

is more personal in that people define for themselves the rules, regulations and responsibilities to guide their behavior and by which they choose to live

• a person’s view of life’s meaning, direction, purpose, and connectedness to other things, other people, and the past and future

may deny a connection with an organized religions buy have a clear sense of when they are behaving spiritually based on their own view

Question 11

researchers have found spirituality or religion related to lower levels of ….

Answer 11

psychological distress
reduced risk of physical illness
lower rates of cigarette smoking
Lower mortality rates

Question 12

spiritual and religious people tend to be….

Answer 12

healthier

Question 13

what percentage of Americans want doctors to discuss spiritual or religious commitment with them?

Answer 13

60%

but only 10% of doctors do

Question 14

the greatest degree of spiritual growth occurs when students are actively engaged in introspective activities such as ______ , ______ and ____

Answer 14

self reflection
contemplation
meditation

Question 15

charitable involvement helps promote ______

Answer 15

spiritual growth

Question 16

growth in equanimity (the extent to which students are able to find meaning in hard times) increases student’s ____ , ____ and _____

Answer 16

grades
leadership skills
satisfaction with college

Question 17

no one is certain about the exact mechanism that is working when spiritually affects a person’s health status

true or false?

Answer 17

true

Question 18

primary control

Answer 18

attempts to change the situation
- similar to problem focused coping

• ex: intercessory prayer

Question 19

secondary control

Answer 19

to affect or control oneself
- similar to emotion focused coping

• ex: reframing a situation so as to view it as the outcome of fate or of forces of nature
• ex: meditation, contemplative prayer, rituals or scripture reading

can be helpful in low-control situations

Question 20

intercessory prayer

Answer 20

prayers that seek divine intervention either to prevent an occurrence or to help overcome it

Question 21

Pargament categorized religious approaches to increase control as coping mechanism. what are the 4 approaches?

Answer 21

self directing - individual perceives him or herself as responsible for the outcome, although God or nature has provided the resources the individual needs to be successful - the “god helps those who helped themselves” approach

collaborative - individual works with God or with forces of nature to control the situation

deferring - entire situation is turned over to God or to forces of nature, with reliance on external forces to manage or cope with the situation

Pleading - individual begs God or forces of nature to intervene in the situation to resolve it

Question 22

self directing and collaborative approaches are associated with _____ and ____

Answer 22

mental health

competence

Question 23

deferring approach is associated with …

Answer 23

lower levels of self competence

Question 24

going to church helps you ….

Answer 24

have close contact with people of similar mind

social support
financial support
emotional support
informational support
get advice

Question 25

double blind studies

Answer 25

research investigations in which neither the research subjects nor the data collectors are aware of who is in the control group and who is in the experimental group

Question 26

unforgiveness evokes brain activity consistent with...

Answer 26

stress, anger and aggression stress related hormonal secretions increase in blood pressure blood chemistry constant with a stress response

Question 27

forgiveness results in lower levels of ...

Answer 27

anxiety depression stress blood cholesterol also associated with lower self reported illness, less back pain and spiritual well being

Question 28

what is forgiveness?

Answer 28

a sincere intentions not to seek revenge or avoid the transgressor and replacing negative emotions such as resentment, hate, and anger with positive emotions such as compassion, empathy, and sympathy

Question 29

one way to become more forgiving is to recognize what?

Answer 29

that you have also done things you want to be forgiven for forgive yourself too! has the most effect on one's health

Question 30

difficulty in forgiving God can lead to...

Answer 30

anxiety and depression

Question 31

Between 2013 and 2014 how many Americans volunteered for an organization?

Answer 31

62.8 million americans 22% men 28% women mostly 35 to 44 year olds

Question 32

what are the benefits to volunteering?

Answer 32

greater sense of civic responsibility (commitment to serving the community) higher level of academic achievement growth in life skills (leadership, interpersonal skills, self confidence) increased commitment to helping others and to promote racial understanding enhanced critical thinking and conflict resolution skills

Question 33

volunteering leads to...

Answer 33

higher levels of happiness greater life satisfaction improved self esteem an enhanced sense of control over one's life increase in social networks to buffer stress reduced risk of acquiring diseases lowered mortality rates help in coping with serous illness

Question 34

service learning involves students who provide service on or off campus using what?

Answer 34

knowledge or skills they learn in class

Question 35

what are the mental health related objectives?

Answer 35

increase the proportion of employees who seek access to work placed programs that prevent or reduce employee stress reduce the suicide rate reduce suicide attempts by adolescents reduce the proportion of persons who experience major depression episodes increase the proportion of adults with mental health disorders who receive treatment increase depression screening by primary care physicians increase the proportion of homeless adults with mental health problems who receive mental health services

Question 36

what are the physical health related objectives?`

Answer 36

reduce the proportion of adolescents who engage in disordered eating behaviors in an attempt to control their weight increase the proportion of adults who meet current federal physical activity guidelines for aerobic physical activity and for muscle strengthening activity reduce the proportion of persons in the population with hypertension increase overall cardiovascular health in the US population increase the proportion of Americans who have access to a food retail outlet that sells a variety of foods that are encouraged by the dietary guidelines for Americans increase the proportion of physician office visits that include counseling or education related to nutrition or weight increase the proportion of adults who are at a healthy weight and reduce the proportion of adults who are obese

Question 37

Erickson said that the main challenge facing old people is to resolve crisis between integrity and despair. when this crisis is resolved, you feel connected to what came before you and what will come after you true or false?

Answer 37

true

Question 38

Gafni called "soul prints" which are people's what?

Answer 38

unique stories - their reasons for being, their views of holy and holistic living, the unique pattern of their spirit

Question 39

Gafni called spiritual disease as what?

Answer 39

when people are not true to their spiritual selves and are living a "life story" that is inconsistent with their beliefs and values

Question 40

volunteering stats

Answer 40

76% of people who volunteered in the last twelve months say volunteering has made them feel healthier 95% say they are helping to make community better 80% of people who volunteered in the past 12 months say they feel they ahem control over their health 78% of people who volunteered in 12 months say volunteering lowers their stress levels 96% say volunteering enriches their sense of purpose in life 94% of people who volunteered in last 12 months say that volunteering improves their mood