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Stress Management > Chapter 9 - Spirituality and Stress > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - Spirituality and Stress Flashcards

1
Q

How much of the population is still involved in some form of religious or spiritual practice?

A

90%

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2
Q

What two groups of people are more likely to use prayer?

A

older people

african americans

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3
Q

What are the definitions of spiritual health?

A

adherence to a religious doctrine

the ability to discover and express your purpose in life - to learn how to experience joy, peace, and fulfillment, and to help yourself and others achieve full potential

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4
Q

Dr. Dean Ornish believed that a lack of ____ and _____ health is the basic cause of heart disease

A

emotional

spiritual

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5
Q

Dr. Ornish’s program includes activities designed to help individuals increase their connectedness with ____ , _____ and a higher ____.

A

self
others
higher power

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6
Q

Jon Kabat-Zinn uses mindfulness ______ which helps decrease ____ _____ , ______ , _____ , and _____

A 
meditation
chronic pain
anxiety
stress
depression
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7
Q

Jon Kabat-Zinn helps patients to live in the ____ , become acutely aware of _____ , _____ , and ____.

A

moment
feelings
thoughts
sensations

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8
Q

Spiritual health may include answers to such questions as …

A

who am I?
why am I here?
where am I headed?

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9
Q

what is religion?

A

a social concept that involves beliefs, practices, and rituals related to the sacred

consists of specific rules, regulations, responsibilities

speaks to life after death and proscribes rules to guide behavior

-An organized entity in which people have common beliefs and engage in common practices relevant to spiritual matters

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10
Q

What is spirituality?

A

is more personal in that people define for themselves the rules, regulations and responsibilities to guide their behavior and by which they choose to live

  • a person’s view of life’s meaning, direction, purpose, and connectedness to other things, other people, and the past and future

may deny a connection with an organized religions buy have a clear sense of when they are behaving spiritually based on their own view

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11
Q

researchers have found spirituality or religion related to lower levels of ….

A

psychological distress
reduced risk of physical illness
lower rates of cigarette smoking
Lower mortality rates

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12
Q

spiritual and religious people tend to be….

A

healthier

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13
Q

what percentage of Americans want doctors to discuss spiritual or religious commitment with them?

A

60%

but only 10% of doctors do

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14
Q

the greatest degree of spiritual growth occurs when students are actively engaged in introspective activities such as ______ , ______ and ____

A

self reflection
contemplation
meditation

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15
Q

charitable involvement helps promote ______

A

spiritual growth

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16
Q

growth in equanimity (the extent to which students are able to find meaning in hard times) increases student’s ____ , ____ and _____

A

grades
leadership skills
satisfaction with college

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17
Q

no one is certain about the exact mechanism that is working when spiritually affects a person’s health status

true or false?

A

true

18
Q

primary control

A

attempts to change the situation
- similar to problem focused coping

  • ex: intercessory prayer
19
Q

secondary control

A

to affect or control oneself
- similar to emotion focused coping

  • ex: reframing a situation so as to view it as the outcome of fate or of forces of nature
  • ex: meditation, contemplative prayer, rituals or scripture reading

can be helpful in low-control situations

20
Q

intercessory prayer

A

prayers that seek divine intervention either to prevent an occurrence or to help overcome it

21
Q

Pargament categorized religious approaches to increase control as coping mechanism. what are the 4 approaches?

A

self directing - individual perceives him or herself as responsible for the outcome, although God or nature has provided the resources the individual needs to be successful - the “god helps those who helped themselves” approach

collaborative - individual works with God or with forces of nature to control the situation

deferring - entire situation is turned over to God or to forces of nature, with reliance on external forces to manage or cope with the situation

Pleading - individual begs God or forces of nature to intervene in the situation to resolve it

22
Q

self directing and collaborative approaches are associated with _____ and ____

A

mental health

competence

23
Q

deferring approach is associated with …

A

lower levels of self competence

24
Q

going to church helps you ….

A

have close contact with people of similar mind

social support
financial support
emotional support
informational support
get advice
25
Q

double blind studies

A

research investigations in which neither the research subjects nor the data collectors are aware of who is in the control group and who is in the experimental group

26
Q

unforgiveness evokes brain activity consistent with…

A

stress, anger and aggression

stress related hormonal secretions

increase in blood pressure

blood chemistry constant with a stress response

27
Q

forgiveness results in lower levels of …

A

anxiety
depression
stress
blood cholesterol

also associated with lower self reported illness, less back pain and spiritual well being

28
Q

what is forgiveness?

A

a sincere intentions not to seek revenge or avoid the transgressor and replacing negative emotions such as resentment, hate, and anger with positive emotions such as compassion, empathy, and sympathy

29
Q

one way to become more forgiving is to recognize what?

A

that you have also done things you want to be forgiven for

forgive yourself too! has the most effect on one’s health

30
Q

difficulty in forgiving God can lead to…

A

anxiety and depression

31
Q

Between 2013 and 2014 how many Americans volunteered for an organization?

A

62.8 million americans

22% men
28% women
mostly 35 to 44 year olds

32
Q

what are the benefits to volunteering?

A

greater sense of civic responsibility (commitment to serving the community)

higher level of academic achievement

growth in life skills (leadership, interpersonal skills, self confidence)

increased commitment to helping others and to promote racial understanding

enhanced critical thinking and conflict resolution skills

33
Q

volunteering leads to…

A

higher levels of happiness

greater life satisfaction

improved self esteem

an enhanced sense of control over one’s life

increase in social networks to buffer stress

reduced risk of acquiring diseases

lowered mortality rates

help in coping with serous illness

34
Q

service learning involves students who provide service on or off campus using what?

A

knowledge or skills they learn in class

35
Q

what are the mental health related objectives?

A

increase the proportion of employees who seek access to work placed programs that prevent or reduce employee stress

reduce the suicide rate

reduce suicide attempts by adolescents

reduce the proportion of persons who experience major depression episodes

increase the proportion of adults with mental health disorders who receive treatment

increase depression screening by primary care physicians

increase the proportion of homeless adults with mental health problems who receive mental health services

36
Q

what are the physical health related objectives?`

A

reduce the proportion of adolescents who engage in disordered eating behaviors in an attempt to control their weight

increase the proportion of adults who meet current federal physical activity guidelines for aerobic physical activity and for muscle strengthening activity

reduce the proportion of persons in the population with hypertension

increase overall cardiovascular health in the US population

increase the proportion of Americans who have access to a food retail outlet that sells a variety of foods that are encouraged by the dietary guidelines for Americans

increase the proportion of physician office visits that include counseling or education related to nutrition or weight

increase the proportion of adults who are at a healthy weight and reduce the proportion of adults who are obese

37
Q

Erickson said that the main challenge facing old people is to resolve crisis between integrity and despair. when this crisis is resolved, you feel connected to what came before you and what will come after you

true or false?

A

true

38
Q

Gafni called “soul prints” which are people’s what?

A

unique stories - their reasons for being, their views of holy and holistic living, the unique pattern of their spirit

39
Q

Gafni called spiritual disease as what?

A

when people are not true to their spiritual selves and are living a “life story” that is inconsistent with their beliefs and values

40
Q

volunteering stats

A

76% of people who volunteered in the last twelve months say volunteering has made them feel healthier

95% say they are helping to make community better

80% of people who volunteered in the past 12 months say they feel they ahem control over their health

78% of people who volunteered in 12 months say volunteering lowers their stress levels

96% say volunteering enriches their sense of purpose in life

94% of people who volunteered in last 12 months say that volunteering improves their mood

Stress Management (10 decks)

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