Chapter 2 Stress Pyschophysiology Flashcards
psychological and sociological stressors are perceived by the ____ and translated by the ____ which then instructs the rest of the ____ to adjust to the stressor
psychological and sociological stressors are perceived by the MIND and translated by the BRAIN which then instructs the rest of the BODY to adjust to stressor.
cerebral cortex (gray matter)
the upper part of the brain responsible for thinking functions - language and development
subcortex (which includes …)
the lower part of the brain responsible for various physiological processes necessary to stay alive
the cerebellum, medulla oblongata, pons, diencephalon)
cerebellum
part of the subcortex responsible for coordination
medulla oblongata
part of the subcortex responsible for the regulation of the heartbeat and breathing
pons
part of the subcortex responsible for regulating sleep
diencephalon
part of the subcortex responsible for regulation of the emotions
(includes the thalamus and hypothalamus)
thalamus
part of the diencephalon that relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
part of the diencephalon that activates the autonomic nervous system (and the endocrine system)
autonomic nervous system
controls such body processes as hormone balance, temperature, and width of blood vessels
limbic system (consists of …)
produces emotions; the seat of emotions
and behavioral expressions
thalamus and hypothalamus and diencephalon
reticular activating system (RAS)
a network of nerves that connects the mind and the body
endocrine system
comprised of hormones that regulate physiological functions
corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)
released by hypothalamus and results in the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
activates the adrenal cortex to secrete corticoid hormones
thyrotropic hormone releasing factor (TRF)
released by hypothalamus and stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete thyrotropic hormone
thyrotropic hormone (TTH)
stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxin
oxytocin
a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland
vasopressin (ADH)
a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland
hippocampus
the part of the brain that sounds the alarm that stress is present
adrenal cortex
the part of the adrenal gland that secretes corticoids (outer layer of adrenal glands)
glucocorticoids
regulates metabolism of glucose
mineralocorticoids
regulate the balance between sodium and potassium
cortisol
the primary glucocorticoid secreted from the adrenal cortex that is responsible for an increase in blood pressure
provides the fuel for battle (fight or flight)
gluconeogenesis
the production of glucose from amino acids by the liver
lymphocytes
destroy invading substances
aldosterone
the primary mineralocorticoid secreted from the adrenal cortex that is responsible for an increase in blood pressure to transport food and oxygen to the active parts of our body - limbs and organs
blood pressure is measured in…
systolic and diastolic. 120/80
systolic is blood pressure on the arterial walls when blood is pumped from heart
diastolic is pressure of blood against walls of arteries when heart is relaxed
adrenal medulla
the inter portion of the adrenal gland that secretes catecholamines
epinephrine
a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla (adrenaline)
norepinephrine
a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla (noradrenaline)
thyroid gland
an endocrine gland that secretes the hormone thyroxin
sympathetic nervous system
part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for expending energy (ex increasing respiratory rate)
parasympathetic nervous system
part of the autonomic system responsible for conserving energy (ex decreasing respiratory rate)
gastrointestinal (GI) system
the body system responsible for digestion
saliva breaks food, passes down esophagus, into stomach where acid breaks it down, to small intestine, then large intestine and then poop
saliva
substance in the mouth that starts to break down food
esophagus
the food pipe
hydrochloric acid
a substance found in the digestive system that helps break down food for digestion
small intestine
part of the digestive system into which the esophagi empties
large intestine
part of the digestive system that receives unusable food substances from small intestine
anal opening
the exit point for unusable food substances
bracing
unnecessary muscle tension
skeletal muscles
muscles attached to bones
smooth muscles
muscles that control the contraction of internal organs
galvanic skin response (GSR)
the electrodermal response or the electrical conductance of the skin - major part of lie detector test
