Chapter 9 solutions Flashcards

1
Q

what is the difference between a solute and solvent?

A

solute is mixed within the solvent
a solvent makes up the larger amount

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what kind of polarity is necessary for a solution? for a heterogenous mixture?

A

solution: polar solvent +polar solute
polar solvent + ionic compound
nonpolar solvent + nonpolar solute

heterogenous mixture: nonpolar solvent + polar solute
polar solvent + nonpolar solute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When electrolytes dissolve in water, what happens?

A

the process of dissociation separates them into ions forming solutions that conduct electricity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

when nonelectrolytes dissolve in water, what happens?

A

they do not separate into ions and their solutions do not conduct electricity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how many Eq in 1 mol of Ca?

A

Ca has a possible charge of 2+ so it will have:
2 eq / 1 mol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how many eq in 1 mol of Lithium?

A

1 eq Li+ / 1 mol Li+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how many equivalents in sulfate?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
A

1
2
2
6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how do you find molarity of a solution?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

solubility of solid salts increases or decreases with increase of temperature?

A

increase in solubility with increase temp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

solubility of gasses in H2O increase or decrease with increase in temperature?

A

decrease solubility with increase in temp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

solubility of gasses in H2O increase or decrease with increase of pressure?

A

increase solubility with increase in pressure (Henry’s Law)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how do you find mass percent?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how do you find volume percent?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

how do you find mass/volume percent?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q
A
27
Q
A
28
Q
A
29
Q
A
30
Q
A
31
Q
A
32
Q
A
33
Q
A
34
Q
A
35
Q
A
36
Q
A
37
Q
A
38
Q
A
39
Q
A
40
Q

what is the separation aspect of solution?

A

can pass through filters and semipermeable membranes

41
Q

what is the separation aspect of colloids?

A

cannot pass through semipermeable membranes but can pass through filters

42
Q

what is the separation aspect of suspensions?

A

cannot pass through semipermeable membrane or through filter

43
Q

what is the flow gradient of osmotic pressure?

A

water molecules move through semipermeable membrane from the solution with lower concentration of solute into a solution with a higher solute concentration (water wants to dilute high solute containing solution to maintain equilibrium)

44
Q

what are the two most typical types of isotonic solutions?

A

0.9 g NaCl / 100 ml solution
5 g glucose / 100 ml solution

45
Q

what does a hypotonic solution cause to a blood cell?

A

hemolysis
(blood cell swells with water)

46
Q

what does a hypertonic solution cause to a blood cell?

A

crenation
(water flows out of the cell into the hypertonic solution)

47
Q
A
48
Q

what does the term dialysis refer to?

A

is a way to separate solution particles from colloids
solution particles can pass through a semipermeable membrane bag, leaving colloids within the membrane bag

49
Q
A
50
Q
A
51
Q
A
52
Q

what is a dilution?

A

a solvent, usually water, is added to a solution, which increases the volume

53
Q

what formula to use for finding molarity of a diluted solution?

A
54
Q
A
55
Q
A
56
Q
A
57
Q
A
58
Q

do all homework from chapter 9.5

A
59
Q

what three things make a strong electrolyte?

A

strong acid, strong base, and soluble salts

60
Q

how do strong electrolytes disassociate?

A

disassociate completely into ions

61
Q

what three things make a weak electrolyte?

A

weak acids, weak bases, and insoluble salts

62
Q

how do weak electrolytes disassociate?

A

they disassociate very little 1-5%

63
Q

what are nonelectrolytes made up of?

A

gases and organic molecules (contain carbon and hydrogen)

64
Q

how do nonelectrolytes disassociate?

A

they do not disassociate into ions at all