Chapter 9 solutions

Question 1

what is the difference between a solute and solvent?

Answer 1

solute is mixed within the solvent
a solvent makes up the larger amount

Question 2

what kind of polarity is necessary for a solution? for a heterogenous mixture?

Answer 2

solution: polar solvent +polar solute
polar solvent + ionic compound
nonpolar solvent + nonpolar solute

heterogenous mixture: nonpolar solvent + polar solute
polar solvent + nonpolar solute

Question 3

When electrolytes dissolve in water, what happens?

Answer 3

the process of dissociation separates them into ions forming solutions that conduct electricity

Question 4

when nonelectrolytes dissolve in water, what happens?

Answer 4

they do not separate into ions and their solutions do not conduct electricity

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

how many Eq in 1 mol of Ca?

Answer 6

Ca has a possible charge of 2+ so it will have:
2 eq / 1 mol

Question 7

how many eq in 1 mol of Lithium?

Answer 7

1 eq Li+ / 1 mol Li+

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

how many equivalents in sulfate?

Answer 9

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

Answer 12

1
2
2
6

Question 13

Answer 13

Question 14

Answer 14

Question 15

Answer 15

Question 16

how do you find molarity of a solution?

Answer 16

Question 17

Answer 17

Question 18

Answer 18

Question 19

solubility of solid salts increases or decreases with increase of temperature?

Answer 19

increase in solubility with increase temp.

Question 20

solubility of gasses in H2O increase or decrease with increase in temperature?

Answer 20

decrease solubility with increase in temp.

Question 21

solubility of gasses in H2O increase or decrease with increase of pressure?

Answer 21

increase solubility with increase in pressure (Henry’s Law)

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

how do you find mass percent?

Answer 23

Question 24

how do you find volume percent?

Answer 24

Question 25

how do you find mass/volume percent?

Answer 25

Question 26

Answer 26

Question 27

Answer 27

Question 28

Answer 28

Question 29

Answer 29

Question 30

Answer 30

Question 31

Answer 31

Question 32

Answer 32

Question 33

Answer 33

Question 34

Answer 34

Question 35

Answer 35

Question 36

Answer 36

Question 37

Answer 37

Question 38

Answer 38

Question 39

Answer 39

Question 40

what is the separation aspect of solution?

Answer 40

can pass through filters and semipermeable membranes

Question 41

what is the separation aspect of colloids?

Answer 41

cannot pass through semipermeable membranes but can pass through filters

Question 42

what is the separation aspect of suspensions?

Answer 42

cannot pass through semipermeable membrane or through filter

Question 43

what is the flow gradient of osmotic pressure?

Answer 43

water molecules move through semipermeable membrane from the solution with lower concentration of solute into a solution with a higher solute concentration (water wants to dilute high solute containing solution to maintain equilibrium)

Question 44

what are the two most typical types of isotonic solutions?

Answer 44

0.9 g NaCl / 100 ml solution
5 g glucose / 100 ml solution

Question 45

what does a hypotonic solution cause to a blood cell?

Answer 45

hemolysis
(blood cell swells with water)

Question 46

what does a hypertonic solution cause to a blood cell?

Answer 46

crenation
(water flows out of the cell into the hypertonic solution)

Question 47

Answer 47

Question 48

what does the term dialysis refer to?

Answer 48

is a way to separate solution particles from colloids
solution particles can pass through a semipermeable membrane bag, leaving colloids within the membrane bag

Question 49

Answer 49

Question 50

Answer 50

Question 51

Answer 51

Question 52

what is a dilution?

Answer 52

a solvent, usually water, is added to a solution, which increases the volume

Question 53

what formula to use for finding molarity of a diluted solution?

Answer 53

Question 54

Answer 54

Question 55

Answer 55

Question 56

Answer 56

Question 57

Answer 57

Question 58

do all homework from chapter 9.5

Question 59

what three things make a strong electrolyte?

Answer 59

strong acid, strong base, and soluble salts

Question 60

how do strong electrolytes disassociate?

Answer 60

disassociate completely into ions

Question 61

what three things make a weak electrolyte?

Answer 61

weak acids, weak bases, and insoluble salts

Question 62

how do weak electrolytes disassociate?

Answer 62

they disassociate very little 1-5%

Question 63

what are nonelectrolytes made up of?

Answer 63

gases and organic molecules (contain carbon and hydrogen)

Question 64

how do nonelectrolytes disassociate?

Answer 64

they do not disassociate into ions at all