Chapter 4 Atoms and Elements Flashcards
what do periods and groups of the periodic table pertain to?
periods: horizontal rows; energy levels of elements
groups: vertical columns
where can you find the metals on the periodic table?
blue
where can you find the nonmetals on the periodic table?
yellow
where can you find the metalloids on the periodic table?
green
what are some highlighted properties of metals?
shiny, ductile, malleable, conduct heat and electricity
what are some highlighted properties of nonmetals?
dull, brittle, insulator
Metals ______ electrons (-) to form _______ ?
lose
cations (+)
Nonmetals ______ electrons (-) to form _______. What groups can these be found?
gain
anions (-)
group 5A, 6A, 7A, and 8A
what are the four main aspects of Dalton’s theory?
what is the importance to know of mercury poisoning?
Mercury can enter the body through inhaled mercury vapor, contact with the skin, or ingestion of foods or water contaminated with mercury. In the body, mercury destroys proteins and disrupts cell function. Long-term exposure to mercury can damage the brain and kidneys, cause mental retardation, and decrease physical development.
what is the charge, mass (in amu), and location within the atom of protons?
1+
1.007
Nucleus
what is the charge, mass (in amu), and location within the atom of neutrons?
0
1.008
Nucleus
what is the charge, mass (in amu), and location within the atom of electrons?
1-
0.00055
Outside nucleus
where are the heaviest particles located within an element?
within the nucleus
what does the atomic number (z) refer to?
the number of protons in an element;
it is the number given on the periodic table
what does the mass number (A) refer to?
sum of protons and neutrons;
number is not given on the periodic table, you have to be given this number
In these configurations, what does each number refer to? What is the number of neutrons found within each of the three?
what is the definition of an isotope?
same two elements (same Z, same number of protons)
different mass number (different A, different number of neutrons)
Image below shows isotopes of Carbon
what are allotropes?
different forms of the same element caused by formation of different amount of bonds
Ex: graphite is made of three carbon bonds
diamond is made of four carbon bonds
Wavelength (increases or decreases) as frequency of electromagnetic radiation increases?
decreases
which color has the highest energy? Blue, green, yellow or red?
Blue
what happens when electrons move up the energy level (n1 to n4)?
it uses energy
what happens when electrons move down the energy level (n4 to n1)?
it emits energy as color light
what is the number of electrons in each energy level of Carbon?
2, 4
