Chapter 15 Lipids Flashcards
what are two main branches of lipids?
fatty acids and steroids
which forms of lipids are esters that can hydrolyze to give fatty acids and other molecules?
waxes, fats, oils, and phospholipids
which form of lipids cannot hydrolyze? Why?
steroids because they do not contain fatty acids
what is a steroid made of?
3 cyclohexane and 1 cyclopentane molecule
what are the main branches of fatty acids?
waxes, triacylglycerols, and glycerophospholipids
are lipids soluble in water?
no because they are nonpolar (water is polar)
does an unsaturated fatty acid contain a double bond?
yes
does a saturated fatty acid contain a double bond?
no
what is the difference between a polyunsaturated and a monounsaturated fatty acid?
polyunsaturated has multiple double bonds,
while monounsaturated has only one double bond
will a Cis or Trans unsaturated fatty acid have a bend in its structure?
Cis
Most unsaturated fatty acids are ________ at room temperature? Why?
liquids because they have a low melting point due to the double bonds
when given the shorthand notation for the number of carbon atoms and double bonds in vaccenicacid (18:1) how can you tell it has a double bond?
the “1” in 18:1 is indication of how many double bonds it has. Meaning it has 1 double bond per the 18 carbons
what is produced that causes pain and inflammation in the body? IE: what are NSAIDS responsible for blocking within the body?
prostaglandins
what are essential fatty acids?
they are polyunsaturated fatty acids that cannot be produced naturally and need to be absorbed through diet
what are three examples of essential fatty acids?
linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid
why are omega-3 fatty acids called this?
the first double bond occurs at carbon 3, counting from the METHYL end. This includes linolenic acid
what is required in order to be considered a wax?
a fatty acid, an ester bond, and a long chain alcohol
In the body, fatty acids are stored as what?
triacylglycerols (triglycerides)
what does a triacylglycerol structure look like?
The name of the fatty acid formed with three stearic acids becomes ?
glyceryl tristearate
AKA: tristearin
Is a fat solid or liquid in room temperature? what about oils?
solid
liquid
fats are examples of kinds of _______ fatty acids
while oils are examples of _________ fatty acids
saturated (think of the lack of double bonds making it compact)
unsaturated (think of the double bonds making it loose)
which type of fatty acid has a high melting point?
saturated fatty acids
examples of triacylglycerols:
fats and oils