Chapter 14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides Flashcards
are carboxylic acids strong or weak acids?
weak acids
what are three common characteristic of carboxylic acids?
have sour or tart taste
produce hydronium ions in water
and neutralize bases
what does a carboxylic acid look like in condensed structure and completely condensed structure?
what is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid called?
benzoic acid
what prefixes do carboxylic acids have in common with aldehydes?
form, acet, propion, butyr
formic acid
acetic acid
propionic acid
butyric acid
where can you find formic acid?
injected under skin from bee, red ant stings, other insect bites
where can you find acetic acid?
oxidation product of ethanol in wines and apple cider
what is vinegar made of?
solution of acetic acid and water
where can you find butyric acid?
foul odor to rancid butter
why would carboxylic acids be more polar than aldehydes or ketones or most other organic compounds?
they have two polar functional groups (OH) and (C=O)
are carboxylic acids soluble in water?
1-5 carbons yes
6 only slightly
7 or more insoluble
what is the solubility of benzoic acid in water?
slightly soluble
what is the solubility of pentanoic acid in water?
soluble
what is the solubility of hexanoic acid in water?
slightly soluble
when carboxylic acids disassociate in water, what is produced?
a Hydrogen from the OH of the carboxylic acid leaves to bind with water molecule. this leaves the O from the OH of the carboxylic acid with a negative charge and produces H3O
name changes from ending in “oic” to “ate”
what completely neutralizes carboxylic acids?
strong bases
(carboxylic acids are weak acids)
what is the product when a carboxylic acid reacts with a strong base?
carboxylate salt and water
what would be the product of these reactions?
what are carboxylic salts commonly used for?
preservatives and flavor enhancers in soups and seasonings