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Chemistry 1 > Chapter 14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides Flashcards

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1
Q

are carboxylic acids strong or weak acids?

A

weak acids

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2
Q

what are three common characteristic of carboxylic acids?

A

have sour or tart taste
produce hydronium ions in water
and neutralize bases

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3
Q

what does a carboxylic acid look like in condensed structure and completely condensed structure?

A
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4
Q

what is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid called?

A

benzoic acid

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5
Q

what prefixes do carboxylic acids have in common with aldehydes?

A

form, acet, propion, butyr

formic acid
acetic acid
propionic acid
butyric acid

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6
Q

where can you find formic acid?

A

injected under skin from bee, red ant stings, other insect bites

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7
Q

where can you find acetic acid?

A

oxidation product of ethanol in wines and apple cider

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8
Q

what is vinegar made of?

A

solution of acetic acid and water

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9
Q

where can you find butyric acid?

A

foul odor to rancid butter

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10
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A
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11
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13
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14
Q

why would carboxylic acids be more polar than aldehydes or ketones or most other organic compounds?

A

they have two polar functional groups (OH) and (C=O)

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15
Q

are carboxylic acids soluble in water?

A

1-5 carbons yes
6 only slightly
7 or more insoluble

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16
Q

what is the solubility of benzoic acid in water?

A

slightly soluble

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17
Q

what is the solubility of pentanoic acid in water?

A

soluble

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18
Q

what is the solubility of hexanoic acid in water?

A

slightly soluble

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19
Q

when carboxylic acids disassociate in water, what is produced?

A

a Hydrogen from the OH of the carboxylic acid leaves to bind with water molecule. this leaves the O from the OH of the carboxylic acid with a negative charge and produces H3O
name changes from ending in “oic” to “ate”

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20
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A
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21
Q

what completely neutralizes carboxylic acids?

A

strong bases
(carboxylic acids are weak acids)

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22
Q

what is the product when a carboxylic acid reacts with a strong base?

A

carboxylate salt and water

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23
Q

what would be the product of these reactions?

A
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24
Q

what are carboxylic salts commonly used for?

A

preservatives and flavor enhancers in soups and seasonings

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25
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26
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27
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28
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29
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A
30
Q

what is the product when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol?

A

ester and water

31
Q

what is the general smell/flavor of esters?

A

pleasant aromas and flavors of fruits

32
Q

what is esterification? what is its other name?

A

synthesis
the formation of an ester from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst (eliminates a water molecule to get this product)

33
Q

what is the product of this reaction?

A
34
Q

what does butanoic acid and methanol react to produce? What kind of equation is this?

A

esterification equation

35
Q
A
36
Q

how would you name this ester?

A
37
Q

Name these three esters

A
38
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A
39
Q
A
40
Q
A
41
Q
A
42
Q
A
43
Q
A
44
Q
A
45
Q

what is hydrolysis?

A

when an ester reacts with water in the presence of an acid or a base

46
Q

what are the reactants and product of an ester during acidic hydrolysis?

A

an ester + water -> forms a carboxylic acid and an alcohol

47
Q

what would this reaction produce?

A
48
Q
A
49
Q

what are the products from the acid hydrolysis of ethyl propanoate (ethyl propionate)?

A

propanoic acid and ethanol (propionic acid and ethyl alcohol)

50
Q

what are the reactants and products of an ester during basic hydrolysis (saponification)?

A

ester + strong base -> salt of acid (carboxylate salt) + alcohol

51
Q

what would this reaction be considered? what would be produced?

A

basic hydrolysis

52
Q

what is the name of esterification done under basic conditions?

A

saponification

53
Q
A
54
Q
A
55
Q
A
56
Q

what is one characteristic of amines that sets them apart from all other carbonyl/ functioning groups?

A

they are basic/alkaline instead of neutral

57
Q

what would primary amines look like?

A
58
Q

what would secondary amines look like?

A
59
Q

what would tertiary amines look like?

A
60
Q

what would quaternary amines look like?

A
61
Q

what is the name of an aromatic amine? what does it look like?

A

aniline

62
Q

what are the reactants and products of amines that result in a reaction involving the ionization in water?

A

Amine (base) + water (acid) -> conjugate acid + conjugate base (OH-)

63
Q

what are the reactants and products of amines that result in a reaction involving neutralization?

A

amine + acid -> salt (neutralized salt)

64
Q

what does an amide look like?

A
65
Q

what are two characteristics that make amines and amides different?

A

amides have a double bond with oxygen, amines do not
amines are basic, amides are not

66
Q

how are amides synthesized?

A

amine + carboxylic acid -> amide + H2O

67
Q

what would this reaction produce if given heat?

A
68
Q

Hydrolysis of amides can occur in acidic or basic conditions, which is this reaction? what does it produce?

A

neutralization to produce ammonium salt

69
Q

Hydrolysis of amides can occur in acidic or basic conditions, which is this reaction? what does it produce?

A
70
Q

Read pg 498 and do hw for 4.5 and 4.6

A

Chemistry 1 (15 decks)

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