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Chemistry 1 > Chapter 14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides Flashcards

1
Q

are carboxylic acids strong or weak acids?

A

weak acids

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2
Q

what are three common characteristic of carboxylic acids?

A

have sour or tart taste
produce hydronium ions in water
and neutralize bases

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3
Q

what does a carboxylic acid look like in condensed structure and completely condensed structure?

A
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4
Q

what is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid called?

A

benzoic acid

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5
Q

what prefixes do carboxylic acids have in common with aldehydes?

A

form, acet, propion, butyr

formic acid
acetic acid
propionic acid
butyric acid

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6
Q

where can you find formic acid?

A

injected under skin from bee, red ant stings, other insect bites

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7
Q

where can you find acetic acid?

A

oxidation product of ethanol in wines and apple cider

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8
Q

what is vinegar made of?

A

solution of acetic acid and water

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9
Q

where can you find butyric acid?

A

foul odor to rancid butter

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10
Q
A
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11
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A
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12
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A
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13
Q
A
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14
Q

why would carboxylic acids be more polar than aldehydes or ketones or most other organic compounds?

A

they have two polar functional groups (OH) and (C=O)

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15
Q

are carboxylic acids soluble in water?

A

1-5 carbons yes
6 only slightly
7 or more insoluble

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16
Q

what is the solubility of benzoic acid in water?

A

slightly soluble

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17
Q

what is the solubility of pentanoic acid in water?

A

soluble

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18
Q

what is the solubility of hexanoic acid in water?

A

slightly soluble

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19
Q

when carboxylic acids disassociate in water, what is produced?

A

a Hydrogen from the OH of the carboxylic acid leaves to bind with water molecule. this leaves the O from the OH of the carboxylic acid with a negative charge and produces H3O
name changes from ending in “oic” to “ate”

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20
Q
A
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21
Q

what completely neutralizes carboxylic acids?

A

strong bases
(carboxylic acids are weak acids)

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22
Q

what is the product when a carboxylic acid reacts with a strong base?

A

carboxylate salt and water

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23
Q

what would be the product of these reactions?

A
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24
Q

what are carboxylic salts commonly used for?

A

preservatives and flavor enhancers in soups and seasonings

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25
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29
30
what is the product when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol?
ester and water
31
what is the general smell/flavor of esters?
pleasant aromas and flavors of fruits
32
what is esterification? what is its other name?
synthesis the formation of an ester from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst (eliminates a water molecule to get this product)
33
what is the product of this reaction?
34
what does butanoic acid and methanol react to produce? What kind of equation is this?
esterification equation
35
36
how would you name this ester?
37
Name these three esters
38
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45
what is hydrolysis?
when an ester reacts with water in the presence of an acid or a base
46
what are the reactants and product of an ester during acidic hydrolysis?
an ester + water -> forms a carboxylic acid and an alcohol
47
what would this reaction produce?
48
49
what are the products from the acid hydrolysis of ethyl propanoate (ethyl propionate)?
propanoic acid and ethanol (propionic acid and ethyl alcohol)
50
what are the reactants and products of an ester during basic hydrolysis (saponification)?
ester + strong base -> salt of acid (carboxylate salt) + alcohol
51
what would this reaction be considered? what would be produced?
basic hydrolysis
52
what is the name of esterification done under basic conditions?
saponification
53
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56
what is one characteristic of amines that sets them apart from all other carbonyl/ functioning groups?
they are basic/alkaline instead of neutral
57
what would primary amines look like?
58
what would secondary amines look like?
59
what would tertiary amines look like?
60
what would quaternary amines look like?
61
what is the name of an aromatic amine? what does it look like?
aniline
62
what are the reactants and products of amines that result in a reaction involving the ionization in water?
Amine (base) + water (acid) -> conjugate acid + conjugate base (OH-)
63
what are the reactants and products of amines that result in a reaction involving neutralization?
amine + acid -> salt (neutralized salt)
64
what does an amide look like?
65
what are two characteristics that make amines and amides different?
amides have a double bond with oxygen, amines do not amines are basic, amides are not
66
how are amides synthesized?
amine + carboxylic acid -> amide + H2O
67
what would this reaction produce if given heat?
68
Hydrolysis of amides can occur in acidic or basic conditions, which is this reaction? what does it produce?
neutralization to produce ammonium salt
69
Hydrolysis of amides can occur in acidic or basic conditions, which is this reaction? what does it produce?
70
Read pg 498 and do hw for 4.5 and 4.6

Chemistry 1 (15 decks)

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