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Chemistry 1 > Chapter 11 Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

how many carbons in methane?

A

1

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2
Q

how many carbons in ethane?

A

2

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3
Q

how many carbons in propane?

A

3

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4
Q

how many carbons in butane?

A

4

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5
Q

how many carbons in pentane?

A

5

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6
Q

how many carbons in hexane?

A

6

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7
Q

how many carbons in heptane?

A

7

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8
Q

how many carbons in octane?

A

8

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9
Q

how many carbons in nonane?

A

9

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10
Q

how many carbons in decane?

A

10

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11
Q

how do you find how many Hydrogens in an alkane?

A

use the number of carbon, multiply it by 2, then add 2.
(Ex: Pentane has 5 carbon, and 12 hydrogen)

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12
Q

what is the name of this alkane?

A

cyclopentane

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13
Q

what is the name of this alkane?

A

cyclobutane

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14
Q

what is the name of this alkane?

A

cyclopropane

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15
Q

what is a substituent?

A

is a branch attached to the main carbon chain

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16
Q

what is this common substituent called?

A

methyl

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17
Q

what is this common substituent called?

A

ethyl

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18
Q

what is this common substituent called?

A

propyl

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19
Q

what is this common substituent called?

A

isopropyl

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20
Q

what is this common substituent called?

A

butyl

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21
Q

what is this common substituent called?

A

isobutyl

22
Q

what is this common substituent called?

A

fluoro

23
Q

what is this common substituent called?

A

chloro

24
Q

what is this common substituent called?

A

bromo

25
Q

what is this common substituent called?

A

iodo

26
Q

what would a substituent of F, Cl, Br, or I attached to a carbon chain be called?

A

haloalkane
when a element from the halogen group of the periodic table is attached to a carbon chain, it is called a haloalkane

27
Q

what will be the products when octane undergoes a combustion reaction?

A

Carbon dioxide, water, and energy
alkanes burn readily in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy

28
Q

what do organic compounds come from?

A

living cells

29
Q

what do inorganic compounds come from?

A

minerals

30
Q

what can organic compounds be made up of

A

carbon, hydrogen
sometimes nonmetals such as oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, or a halogen (F, Cl, Br, I)

31
Q

what type of bonds do organic compounds have?

A

mostly covalent

32
Q

what type of bonds do inorganic compounds have?

A

ionic mostly
covalent sometimes

33
Q

what type of polarity occurs in organics?

A

nonpolar, unless a strong electronegative atom is present

34
Q

what type of polarity occurs in inorganics?

A

ionic (polar)

35
Q

what is the melting point of organics?

A

usually low

36
Q

what is the melting point of inorganics?

A

usually high

37
Q

what is the flammability of organics?

A

high (can burn in air)

38
Q

what is the flammability of inorganics?

A

does not burn

39
Q

what is the solubility in water of organics?

A

not soluble
unless a polar group is present

40
Q

what is the solubility in water of inorganics?

A

most are soluble
unless nonpolar

41
Q

what makes a saturated organic?

A

alkanes

42
Q

what makes an unsaturated orgain?

A

alkene
alkyne

43
Q

are organics typically less dense or more dense than water?

A

less dense

44
Q

what makes a structural isomer?

A

when two compounds have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms

45
Q

what occurs during hydrogenation?

A

H atoms add to each of the carbons atoms in a double bond of an alkene.
double bonds are converted to single bonds
a catalyst (Pt, Ni, or Pd) is used to speed up the reaction

46
Q

what occurs during hydration?

A

an alkene reacts with H2O
the carbon of the double bond with more hydrogen gets the additional H from the H2O, while the other carbon of the double bond receives the OH

47
Q

what is a benzene?

A

consists of six carbon atoms with one hydrogen atom attached to each carbon and is arranged in a flat ring with alternating single and double bonds between the adjacent carbon atoms

48
Q

what makes up toluene?

A

benzene with a methyl group (CH3)

49
Q

what makes up aniline?

A

benzene with an amino group (NH2)

50
Q

what makes up phenol?

A

benzene with a hydroxyl group (OH)

51
Q

how is a benzene numbered with one or more substituents?

A

with one substituent: not numbered
when there are two or more substituents, the benzene ring is numbered to give the lowest numbers to the substituents.
NH3, OH, and methyl group of substituents are numbered with priority, then other substituents come next alphabetically

Chemistry 1 (15 decks)

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