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Chemistry 1 > Chapter 12 Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehyde > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehyde Flashcards

1
Q

what is an alcohol made up of?

A

(-OH) replaces a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon

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2
Q

what is phenol made up of?

A

the hydroxyl group (-OH) replaces a hydrogen atom attached to a benzene ring

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3
Q

what is thiol made up of?

A

(-SH) replaces a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon

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4
Q

what is an ether made up of?

A

consists of an oxygen atom, which is attached to two carbon atoms (-O-)

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5
Q

what would this be called?

A

2-Butanol

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6
Q

what this this called?

A

2-propanol
(isopropyl alcohol)

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7
Q

what is this called?

A

1-Propanol
(propyl alcohol)

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8
Q

what is a common characteristic of thiol?

A

has a strong disagreeable/pungent odor (think skunk smell/ oysters, onions, etc.)

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9
Q

what is a common characteristic of ethers with regards to their electronic shape?

A

ethers have a bent structure like water and alcohols

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10
Q

what does this represent?

A

1-propanol
(propyl alcohol)

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11
Q

what does this represent?

A

2-propanol
(isopropyl alcohol)

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12
Q

what is this called?

A

cyclohexanol

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13
Q

name this

A
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14
Q

name this

A
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15
Q

what is the difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols?

A

the Carbon atom directly attached to the OH is the carbon we reference the counting of other carbons attached

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16
Q

give the solubility for methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, and 1-pentanol

A
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17
Q

what are all the alcohols that are at least slightly soluble in water

A

methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, and phenol (benzene with OH)

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18
Q

what does phenol make when added to water?

A

phenoxide ion

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19
Q

what used to be used as antiseptics in hospitals, and why do we not use them anymore?

A

dilute solutions of phenol
is extremely corrosive, highly irritating to skin, and flammable

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20
Q

what home cleaning product still contains traces of phenol to this day?

A

Lysol

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21
Q

what are the two common main ingredient found in hand sanitizers that help with killing bacteria?

A

ethanol or propanol

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22
Q

what are two common main ingredients found in hand sanitizers that help prevent drying skin?

A

glycerin and propylene glycol

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23
Q

between ethanol-containing or propanol-containing hand sanitizers, which is most flammable?

A

ethanol hand sanitizers

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24
Q

what color flame does ethanol produce when it undergoes combustion?

A

blue flame

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25
why is triclosan banned by the FDA in personal care products?
its use may promote the growth of antibiotic resistant bacteria
26
27
soluble insoluble
28
29
what are these called?
30
Given: trans 2-butene 1-thiol (draw this)
31
what are these called?
a) dimethyl ether b) ethyl methyl ether c) diethyl-ether
32
what is a carbonyl?
consists of a carbon-oxygen double bond with two groups of atoms attached to the carbon at angles of 120 degrees
33
what is the main difference between aldehydes and ketones?
both have a carbon double bonded to an oxygen (carbonyl), but aldehydes have one carbon chain and one hydrogen atom attached also to the carbonyl ketones have two carbon chains attached to the carbonyl
34
what is the kind of bond do aldehydes and ketones have and which is more positive/negative?
dipole forces carbon has the positive charge oxygen has the negative charge
35
what is the IUPAC name and the common name?
36
what is the IUPAC name and the common name?
37
what is the IUPAC name and the common name?
38
what is the IUPAC name and the common name?
39
what is the IUPAC name?
40
what is the IUPAC name, secondary name, and common name of this?
41
what is the IUPAC name and secondary name?
42
what is the IUPAC name and secondary name?
43
44
45
what is a common characteristic of formaldehyde and what are some important things it's used for?
colorless gas with pungent odor used as germicide, preserve biological specimens, make fabrics, pressed wood, etc.
46
what are common characteristics of propanone and what is its other name?
acetone or dimethyl ketone used in paint, nail polish remover, rubber cement can also be produced in the body in unhealthy eating habits
47
what is benzaldehyde found in?
almonds
48
how many groups are in vanillin?
four
49
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53
what does the combustion of alcohols and oxygen produce?
carbon dioxide, water, and energy
54
what does dehydration of an alcohol consist of?
alcohols lose a water molecule when heated (180 C) with an acid catalyst. adjacent H and OH of the alcohol are then removed to produce a water molecule plus the alkene of the alcohol.
55
56
57
what does the oxidation of a primary alcohol produce?
an aldehyde and a water molecule creates a double bond between carbon and oxygen
58
what does this reaction produce? give the IUPAC name and the common name.
59
what does further oxidation of an aldehyde produce?
carboxylic acids
60
what does the oxidation of secondary alcohols produce?
ketones and a water molecule with no further possibility for further oxidation
61
why do tertiary alcohols not oxidize?
because there is no hydrogen atom on the carbon bonded to the group. Because C-C bonds are usually too strong to oxidize, tertiary alcohols resist oxidation.
62
63
what does the oxidation of 2-pentanol produce?
64
what does the oxidation of two thiols produce?
disulfide bonds each of the thiols lose their H from their SH bonds, and the two S bond with each other
65
where does oxidation of thiols most commonly occur on human?
proteins in hair
66
what is the most commonly abused drug in the US?
ethanol
67
what is the lethal blood alcohol concentration?
0.4%
68
could be a quiz question?
69
what s the tollen's test use for?
oxidizing aldehydes, but not ketones
70
what is the Tollen's test made of?
AgNO3 + ammonia
71
what is Benedict's test used for?
give positive result with compounds that have an aldehyde functional group with an adjacent hydroxyl group
72
what is Benedict's test made of? how do you know it's a positive test?
CuSO4 + aldehyde + heat brick-red solid of Cu2O forms
73
how are aldehydes and ketones reduced?
Sodium borohydride or Hydrogen (NaBH4 or H2)
74
what do aldehydes produce when reduced?
primary alcohols
75
what do ketones produce when reduced?
Secondary alcohols
76
finish last study check, sample problem, and homework on 12.4
77
what would give a positive Idoform test result?
aldehydes and ketones in which a methyl group is one of the groups immediately connected to the carbonyl carbon
78
what would give a positive Benedict's test result?
gives a positive result with compounds that have an aldehyde functional group or ketones with an adjacent hydroxyl (OH) group
79
what is the geometric shape and angle degrees of alkanes?
tetrahedral 109.5 degrees
80
what is the geometric shape and angle degrees of alkenes?
trigonal planar 120 degrees
81
what is the geometric shape and angle degrees of akyenes?
linear 180 degrees
82
what is formalin?
an aqueous solution of formaldehyde
83
what is another 2 names for acetone?
dimethyl ketone propanone

Chemistry 1 (15 decks)

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