Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry 1 > Chapter 12 Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehyde > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehyde Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is an alcohol made up of?

A

(-OH) replaces a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is phenol made up of?

A

the hydroxyl group (-OH) replaces a hydrogen atom attached to a benzene ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is thiol made up of?

A

(-SH) replaces a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is an ether made up of?

A

consists of an oxygen atom, which is attached to two carbon atoms (-O-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what would this be called?

A

2-Butanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what this this called?

A

2-propanol
(isopropyl alcohol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is this called?

A

1-Propanol
(propyl alcohol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is a common characteristic of thiol?

A

has a strong disagreeable/pungent odor (think skunk smell/ oysters, onions, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is a common characteristic of ethers with regards to their electronic shape?

A

ethers have a bent structure like water and alcohols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does this represent?

A

1-propanol
(propyl alcohol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does this represent?

A

2-propanol
(isopropyl alcohol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is this called?

A

cyclohexanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

name this

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

name this

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols?

A

the Carbon atom directly attached to the OH is the carbon we reference the counting of other carbons attached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

give the solubility for methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, and 1-pentanol

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are all the alcohols that are at least slightly soluble in water

A

methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, and phenol (benzene with OH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does phenol make when added to water?

A

phenoxide ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what used to be used as antiseptics in hospitals, and why do we not use them anymore?

A

dilute solutions of phenol
is extremely corrosive, highly irritating to skin, and flammable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what home cleaning product still contains traces of phenol to this day?

A

Lysol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the two common main ingredient found in hand sanitizers that help with killing bacteria?

A

ethanol or propanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are two common main ingredients found in hand sanitizers that help prevent drying skin?

A

glycerin and propylene glycol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

between ethanol-containing or propanol-containing hand sanitizers, which is most flammable?

A

ethanol hand sanitizers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what color flame does ethanol produce when it undergoes combustion?

A

blue flame

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

why is triclosan banned by the FDA in personal care products?

A

its use may promote the growth of antibiotic resistant bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q
A

soluble
insoluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what are these called?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Given: trans 2-butene 1-thiol (draw this)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what are these called?

A

a) dimethyl ether
b) ethyl methyl ether
c) diethyl-ether

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is a carbonyl?

A

consists of a carbon-oxygen double bond with two groups of atoms attached to the carbon at angles of 120 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is the main difference between aldehydes and ketones?

A

both have a carbon double bonded to an oxygen (carbonyl), but aldehydes have one carbon chain and one hydrogen atom attached also to the carbonyl
ketones have two carbon chains attached to the carbonyl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is the kind of bond do aldehydes and ketones have and which is more positive/negative?

A

dipole forces
carbon has the positive charge
oxygen has the negative charge

35
Q

what is the IUPAC name and the common name?

A
36
Q

what is the IUPAC name and the common name?

A
37
Q

what is the IUPAC name and the common name?

A
38
Q

what is the IUPAC name and the common name?

A
39
Q

what is the IUPAC name?

A
40
Q

what is the IUPAC name, secondary name, and common name of this?

A
41
Q

what is the IUPAC name and secondary name?

A
42
Q

what is the IUPAC name and secondary name?

A
43
Q
A
44
Q
A
45
Q

what is a common characteristic of formaldehyde and what are some important things it’s used for?

A

colorless gas with pungent odor
used as germicide, preserve biological specimens, make fabrics, pressed wood, etc.

46
Q

what are common characteristics of propanone and what is its other name?

A

acetone or dimethyl ketone
used in paint, nail polish remover, rubber cement
can also be produced in the body in unhealthy eating habits

47
Q

what is benzaldehyde found in?

A

almonds

48
Q

how many groups are in vanillin?

A

four

49
Q
A
50
Q
A
51
Q
A
52
Q
A
53
Q

what does the combustion of alcohols and oxygen produce?

A

carbon dioxide, water, and energy

54
Q

what does dehydration of an alcohol consist of?

A

alcohols lose a water molecule when heated (180 C) with an acid catalyst.
adjacent H and OH of the alcohol are then removed to produce a water molecule plus the alkene of the alcohol.

55
Q
A
56
Q
A
57
Q

what does the oxidation of a primary alcohol produce?

A

an aldehyde and a water molecule
creates a double bond between carbon and oxygen

58
Q

what does this reaction produce? give the IUPAC name and the common name.

A
59
Q

what does further oxidation of an aldehyde produce?

A

carboxylic acids

60
Q

what does the oxidation of secondary alcohols produce?

A

ketones and a water molecule
with no further possibility for further oxidation

61
Q

why do tertiary alcohols not oxidize?

A

because there is no hydrogen atom on the carbon bonded to the group.
Because C-C bonds are usually too strong to oxidize, tertiary alcohols resist oxidation.

62
Q
A
63
Q

what does the oxidation of 2-pentanol produce?

A
64
Q

what does the oxidation of two thiols produce?

A

disulfide bonds
each of the thiols lose their H from their SH bonds, and the two S bond with each other

65
Q

where does oxidation of thiols most commonly occur on human?

A

proteins in hair

66
Q

what is the most commonly abused drug in the US?

A

ethanol

67
Q

what is the lethal blood alcohol concentration?

A

0.4%

68
Q

could be a quiz question?

A
69
Q

what s the tollen’s test use for?

A

oxidizing aldehydes, but not ketones

70
Q

what is the Tollen’s test made of?

A

AgNO3 + ammonia

71
Q

what is Benedict’s test used for?

A

give positive result with compounds that have an aldehyde functional group with an adjacent hydroxyl group

72
Q

what is Benedict’s test made of? how do you know it’s a positive test?

A

CuSO4 + aldehyde + heat
brick-red solid of Cu2O forms

73
Q

how are aldehydes and ketones reduced?

A

Sodium borohydride or Hydrogen
(NaBH4 or H2)

74
Q

what do aldehydes produce when reduced?

A

primary alcohols

75
Q

what do ketones produce when reduced?

A

Secondary alcohols

76
Q

finish last study check, sample problem, and homework on 12.4

A
77
Q

what would give a positive Idoform test result?

A

aldehydes and ketones in which a methyl group is one of the groups immediately connected to the carbonyl carbon

78
Q

what would give a positive Benedict’s test result?

A

gives a positive result with compounds that have an aldehyde functional group or ketones with an adjacent hydroxyl (OH) group

79
Q

what is the geometric shape and angle degrees of alkanes?

A

tetrahedral
109.5 degrees

80
Q

what is the geometric shape and angle degrees of alkenes?

A

trigonal planar
120 degrees

81
Q

what is the geometric shape and angle degrees of akyenes?

A

linear
180 degrees

82
Q

what is formalin?

A

an aqueous solution of formaldehyde

83
Q

what is another 2 names for acetone?

A

dimethyl ketone
propanone

Chemistry 1 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions