Chapter 9 Powerpoint pt.1 Flashcards
An act that is ordinarily subject to a criminal penalty is considered to be justified and carries no criminal liability when it preserves an important ______ and ________ ______.
value
benefits society
An act that is ordinarily subject to a criminal penalty is considered to be _______ and carries no criminal liability when it preserves an important value and benefits society.
justified
_______ provide a defense based on the fact that although a defendant committed a criminal act, he or she is not considered responsible.
Excuses
What are valid excuses?
Legal insanity, age, intoxication, mental disease or defect, etc.
The ________ _______ is one of the most thoroughly studied and hotly debated issues in criminal law.
insanity defense
Defendants who rely on the _______ defense are typically required to provide notice to the prosecution.
insanity
Defendants who rely on the insanity defense are typically required to provide notice to the ___________.
prosecution
In most states, a separate ______ ___________ hearing is conducted to determine whether the defendant poses a danger and should be interned in a mental institution.
civil commitment
Defendant must show insanity at trial by offering _______ _________ to the _____.
expert testimony
fact
In some states, when found not-guilty by reason of insanity, defendant is committed to a ________ _________ until it is confirmed that defendant no longer poses a danger to society.
mental institution
Civil commitment hearings are often conducted to determine defendant’s danger to _______.
society
______ ____________ hearings are often conducted to determine defendant’s danger to society.
Civil commitment
The insanity defense is important for what three reasons?
(1) to ensure only those with free will are punished
(2) it would be cruel to seek retribution against those unable to control their actions
(3) such an individual may still pose a danger to society and thus need professional treatment
Insanity defense is distinct from a ___________ __ _________ to stand trial.
determination of competency
During trial, __________ would testify surrounding the insanity claim.
witnesses
True or False: The nature of the defendant’s criminal conduct is important
True
Why do we have the insanity defense?
(1) Free will
(2) Theories of punishment
(3) Humanitarianism
_____ ____ – the defendant did not make a deliberate decision to violate the law.
Free will
________ __ __________ – a defendant who is unable to distinguish right from wrong or to control his or her conduct cannot be deterred by criminal punishment, and it would be cruel to seek retribution for acts that result from a disability.
Theories of punishment
_____________– an individual found NGRI may pose a continuing danger to society. He or she is best incapacitated and treated by doctors in a noncriminal rather than criminal environment.
Humanitarianism
What are the four tests for insanity?
(1) M’Naghten
(2) Irresistible Impulse
(3) Durham Product Test
(4) American law Institute, Model Penal Code standard
______ ____ _______ – the fundamental difference among these tests is whether the emphasis is placed on a defendant’s ability to know right from wrong or whether the stress is placed on a defendant’s ability to control his or her behavior.
Tests for Insanity
Which test for insanity is this: used by most states and the federal government?
M’Naghten
Which test for insanity is this: defendant, at the time of the crime, suffered from such a defect of reason that defendant “did not know what defendant was doing” or “did not know right from wrong”?
M’Naghten