Chapter 1 Terms

Question 1

punishable by the death penalty or by life imprisonment in states without the death penalty

Answer 1

capital felony

Question 2

protects the individual rather than societal interest

Answer 2

civil law

Question 3

acts or omissions are only punishable that are contained in the state criminal code

Answer 3

code jurisdiction

Question 4

crimes developed by the common law judges in England and supplemented by acts of arliament and decrees issued by the king

Answer 4

common law crimes

Question 5

the common law may be applied where the legislature has not acted

Answer 5

common law states

Question 6

conduct that, if shown to have taken place, will result in a formal and solemn pronouncement of the moral condemnation of the community

Answer 6

crime

Question 7

investigation and detection of crime by the police and the procedures used at trial

Answer 7

criminal procedure

Question 8

individual charged with a crime and who is standing trial

Answer 8

defendant

Question 9

being prosecuted twice for the same crime

Answer 9

double jeopardy

Question 10

sharing of power between federal and state governments. Each has

Answer 10

dual sovereignty

Question 11

federal criminal statutes

Answer 11

federal criminal code

Question 12

crime punishable by death or by imprisonment for more than one year

Answer 12

felony

Question 13

punishable by between 6 and 12 months in prison

Answer 13

gross misdemeanor

Question 14

deserving of shame or disgrace

Answer 14

infamous crimes

Question 15

punishable by a fine

Answer 15

infractions

Question 16

constitutional power of U.S. Congress to regulate commerce amoung the states

Answer 16

interstate commerce clause

Question 17

crimes that are inherently evil

Answer 17

mala in se

Question 18

crimes that are not inherently evil

Answer 18

mala prohibita

Question 19

punishable by less than a year in prison

Answer 19

misdemeanor

Question 20

an influential criminal code drafted by prominent academics, practitioners, and judges, affiliated with the American Law Institute to encourage state legislatures to adopt a uniform approach to the criminal law

Answer 20

Model Penal Code

Question 21

punsihable by less than six months in prison

Answer 21

petty misdemeanor

Question 22

duty to protect the well-being and tranquility of the community

Answer 22

police power

Question 23

federal law is superior to state law in areas reserved to the national government

Answer 23

preemption doctrine

Question 24

a state receives the comon law as an unwritten part of a state’s criminal law

Answer 24

reception statutes

Question 25

specific crimes, defenses, and general principles

Answer 25

substantive criminal law

Question 26

the clause in the U.S. Constitution that provides that federal laws take precedence over state laws

Answer 26

Supremacy Clause

Question 27

civil action for injury to an individual or to his or her property

Answer 27

tort

Question 28

minor crimes punsihable by fines and not subject to imprisonment. Also called infractions.

Answer 28

violation