Chapter 1 Powerpoint pt.1

Question 1

________ ____ is the foundation of the criminal justice system.

Answer 1

Criminal law

Question 2

Law defines the ________ that may lead to an arrest.

Answer 2

conduct

Question 3

_____ defines the conduct that may lead to an arrest.

Answer 3

Law

Question 4

Law defines the conduct that may lead to an _______.

Answer 4

arrest

Question 5

States condemn a range of acts and/or specific activities in their _______ ______.

Answer 5

criminal codes.

Question 6

What is the most common thing commentators stress as the important feature of a crime?

Answer 6

It’s an act that is officially condemned by the community and carries a sense of shame and humiliation.

Question 7

What is crime?

Answer 7

Crime is whatever the law declares to be a criminal offense and punishes with a penalty.

Question 8

Crime is whatever the law declares to be a _______ ________ and punishes with a penalty.

Answer 8

criminal offense

Question 9

Crime is whatever the law declares to be a criminal offense and punishes with a ________.

Answer 9

penalty

Question 10

______ is whatever the law declares to be a criminal offense and punishes with a penalty.

Answer 10

Crime

Question 11

______ is subject to formal condemnation by a judge and jury representing the people in a court of law.

Answer 11

Crime

Question 12

Crime is subject to formal condemnation by a ______ and _____ representing the people in a court of law.

Answer 12

judge

jury

Question 13

Professor Henry M. Hart Jr. defines crime as “conduct which, if . . . shown to have taken place” will result in the “formal and solemn pronouncement of the ______ condemnation of the ____________.”

Answer 13

moral

community

Question 14

Professor ______ ___. _____ ___. defines crime as “conduct which, if . . . shown to have taken place” will result in the “formal and solemn pronouncement of the moral condemnation of the community.”

Answer 14

Henry M. Hart Jr.

Question 15

What is the difference between civil and criminal law purposes?

Answer 15

Civil law is that branch of the law that protects the individual rather than the public interest.
Criminal law is to help maintain social order and stability.

Question 16

Civil law is that branch of the law that _______ the __________ rather than the public interest.

Answer 16

protects

individual

Question 17

A legal action for a _____ wrong is brought by an individual rather than by a state prosecutor.

Answer 17

civil

Question 18

A legal action for a civil wrong is brought by an __________ rather than by a state prosecutor.

Answer 18

individual

Question 19

Civil and criminal actions are characterized by different legal ___________.

Answer 19

procedures

Question 20

Civil wrong is established with a preponderance of the evidence or roughly ___% certainty.

Answer 20

51

Question 21

A legal action for a criminal wrong is brought by a ___________.

Answer 21

prosecutor

Question 22

Conviction of a crime requires the high standard of ______ _______ __ ___________ ______.

Answer 22

proof beyond a reasonable doubt.

Question 23

The high standard of proof in criminal cases reflects the fact that a criminal conviction may result in a loss of ______ and significant damage to an individual’s _________ and standing in the _________.

Answer 23

liberty
reputation
community

Question 24

What type of burden of proof does a criminal or civil case require?

Answer 24

Criminal Cases: Beyond Reasonable Doubt

Civil Cases: By a Preponderance of the Evidence

Question 25

_____ is a civil wrong of harm committed against a person or a person’s property.

Answer 25

Tort

Question 26

Tort is a civil wrong of harm committed against a _______ or a person’s ________.

Answer 26

person | property

Question 27

The primary purpose or function of the _______ law is to help maintain social order and stability.

Answer 27

criminal

Question 28

The primary purpose or function of the criminal law is to help maintain ______ ______ and _______.

Answer 28

social order | stability

Question 29

List the key aspects of the criminal legal code in New York.

Answer 29

1. prevent harm 2. provide warning of criminal acts 3. define criminal acts 4. distinguish seriousness of criminal acts 5. impose punishments 6. ensure victims’ interests are represented in the process

Question 30

What is the difference between substantive and procedural law?

Answer 30

Substantive Criminal Law: what law is enforced | Procedural Criminal Law: how the law is enforced

Question 31

What is latin for a criminal act?

Answer 31

actus reus

Question 32

What is latin for a criminal intent?

Answer 32

mens rea

Question 33

_________-act must cause the harm required

Answer 33

Causation

Question 34

Causation-

Answer 34

act must cause the harm required

Question 35

Responsibility-____ and ______ must be defined in the statute

Answer 35

act | intent

Question 36

____________-act and intent must be defined in the statute

Answer 36

Responsibility

Question 37

Responsibility-act and intent must be defined in the _______

Answer 37

statute

Question 38

Defenses- _____ is not imposed in the act, was shown to be either justified or excused

Answer 38

guilt

Question 39

Defenses- guilt is not imposed in the act, was shown to be either ________ or _______

Answer 39

justified | excused

Question 40

________- guilt is not imposed in the act, was shown to be either justified or excused

Answer 40

Defenses

Question 41

List the principles of criminal law.

Answer 41

1. Substantive Criminal Law 2. Procedural Criminal Law 3. Criminal Act 4. Criminal Intent 5. Causation 6. Responsibility 7. Defenses

Question 42

Is this civil or criminal law: suing a mechanic who breaches a contract against you

Answer 42

civil law

Question 43

Is this civil or criminal law: suing a failing landlord

Answer 43

civil law

Question 44

Is this civil or criminal law: If the landlord failed an entire apartment complex

Answer 44

criminal

Question 45

Is this civil or criminal law: A drunk driver who hits your car faces both criminal and civil persecutions.

Answer 45

Both; civil for your car damage, & criminal for driving recklessly

Question 46

_______ and ____________ are the most distinct way of categorizing crime.

Answer 46

Felonies | Misdemeanors

Question 47

True or False: Violations and Infractions are so minor that imprisonment is often prohibited.

Answer 47

True

Question 48

The constitution states that "moral" crime violations can lead to ___________.

Answer 48

deportation