Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Criminal Justice 130 Survey of Criminal Law > Chapter 7 Powerpoint pt.3 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Powerpoint pt.3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
MBE flashcards MPRE flashcards Civil Procedure 1L flashcards
1
Q

What are the two major structures of conspiracies?

A

(1) chain conspiracy

(2) circle or wheel conspiracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which court case embodied the chain conspiracy ‘structure of conspiracies’?

A

United States v. Bruno

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which major structure of conspiracies is this: Involves communication and cooperation by individuals linked together in a vertical chain to achieve a criminal objective

A

Chain conspiracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which major structure of conspiracies is this: Typically arises in the distribution of narcotics and other contraband

A

Chain conspiracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which major structure of conspiracies is this: Involves a single person or group that serves as a hub, or common core, connecting various independent individuals or spokes

A

Circle or Wheel conspiracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which major structure of conspiracies is this: Spokes interact with the hubs rather than with one another

A

Circle or Wheel conspiracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which two cases displayed the Circle or Wheel conspiracy?

A

(1) Kotteakos v. United States

(2) State v. McLaughlin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happened in the Kotteakos v. United States case?

A

Wheel conspiracy where each spoke is independent of all the other spokes and are not concerned with the success of other spokes – multiple conspiracies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happened in the State v. McLaughlin case?

A

Wheel conspiracy where the success of the whole depends on the success of each spoke – single conspiracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The ___ ________ ______ recognized the danger that broadly defined conspiracy statutes may fail to inform citizens of the acts that are prohibited and may provide the police, prosecutors, and judges with broad discretion in bringing charges

A

U.S. Supreme Court

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The U.S. Supreme Court recognized the danger that broadly defined _________ _______ may fail to inform citizens of the acts that are prohibited and may provide the police, prosecutors, and judges with broad _________ in bringing charges

A

conspiracy statutes

discretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The U.S. Supreme Court recognized the danger that broadly defined conspiracy statutes may fail to inform _______ of the acts that are prohibited and may provide the _______, __________, and _______ with broad discretion in bringing charges

A

citizens
police
prosecutors
judges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

________ ______ provides that an agreement by two persons to commit a crime that requires the voluntary and cooperative action of two persons cannot constitute a conspiracy.

A

Wharton’s Rule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

_________ _____ provides that an individual who is in a class of persons that are excluded from criminal liability under a statute may not be charged with a conspiracy to violate the same law.

A

Gebardi Rule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

__________ constitutes a powerful and potential tool for prosecuting and punishing defendants.

A

Conspiracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Conspiracy constitutes a powerful and potential tool for __________ and _________ defendants.

A

prosecuting

punishing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Conspiracy constitutes a powerful and potential tool for prosecuting and punishing __________.

A

defendants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In 1970, Congress passed the _________ __________ and _______ ___________ Act (RICO) – holds defendants responsible for all acts of racketeering undertaken as part of an “enterprise”.

A

Racketeer Influenced

Corrupt Organizations

19
Q

In 1970, Congress passed the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) – holds defendants responsible for all acts of ___________ undertaken as part of an “_________”.

A

racketeering

“enterprise”

20
Q

When did Congress pass the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO)?

A

1970

21
Q

__________ is defined as commanding, hiring, or encouraging another person to commit a crime.

A

Solicitation

22
Q

A number of states do not have __________ statutes and continue to apply the common law of solicitation.

A

solicitation

23
Q

A number of states do not have solicitation statutes and continue to apply the ________ ____ of solicitation.

A

common law

24
Q

Some punish solicitation of all crimes, and others limit solicitation to ______, particular ______, or certain ________ of felonies.

A

felonies
felonies
classes

25
Q

A solicitor depends on the efforts of _______, and simply approaching another person to commit a crime does not present a ______ danger.

A

others

social

26
Q

A ________ depends on the efforts of others, and simply approaching another person to commit a crime does not present a social danger.

A

solicitor

27
Q

__________ involves a written or spoken statement in which an individual intentionally advises, requests, counsels, commands, hires, encourages, or incites another person to commit a crime with the purpose that the other person commit the crime.

A

Solicitation

28
Q

Solicitation involves a _______ or _______ statement in which an individual intentionally advises, requests, counsels, commands, hires, encourages, or incites another person to commit a crime with the purpose that the other person commit the crime.

A

written

spoken

29
Q

The _____ ____ of solicitation requires a specific intent or purpose that another individual commit a crime.

A

mens rea

30
Q

The ______ ____ of solicitation requires an effort to get another person to commit a crime. A variety of terms are used to describe the required act, including command, encourage, and request.

A

actus reus

31
Q

The actus reus of solicitation requires an effort to get another person to commit a crime. A variety of terms are used to describe the required act, including ________, _________, and _______.

A

command
encourage
request

32
Q

What happened i the Rex v. Higgins case?

A

The principle enunciated in Higgins was quickly accepted by courts and commentators, and it was soon considered settled that an attempt to commit either a felony or a misdemeanor was itself indictable as a crime.

33
Q

Why punish solicitation?

A

(1) Cooperation among criminals
(2) Social danger
(3) Intervention

34
Q

___________ ______ ________ – individuals typically encourage and support one another, which creates a strong likelihood that the crime will be committed

A

Cooperation among criminals

35
Q

_______ _______ – an individual who is sufficiently motivated to enlist the efforts of a skilled professional criminal clearly poses a continuing danger

A

Social danger

36
Q

___________– solicitation permits the police to intervene before a crime is fully implemented. The police should not be placed in the position of having to wait for an offense to occur before arresting individuals intent on committing a crime

A

Intervention

37
Q

True or False: Crime is complete the moment the statement requesting another to commit a crime is made

A

True

38
Q

True or False: Only direct solidation can be considered a crime

A

False; Solicitation may be direct or indirect.

39
Q

True or False: Jokes and other instances where there is no intent to actually encourage another to commit a crime is sufficient

A

False; Jokes and other instances where there is no intent to actually encourage another to commit a crime is not sufficient

40
Q

Under the _______ ______ _____, solicitation needs to actually be communicated.

A

Model Penal Code

41
Q

Under the Model Penal Code, solicitation needs to actually be ___________.

A

communicated

42
Q

True or False: A person is guilty of solicitation even if the individual being solicited rejected the offer or accepts the offer but does not commit the crime

A

True

43
Q

What happened in the State v Cotton case in 1990?

A
  • Cotton was charged with the crime of engaging in sexual conduct with his step-daughter.
  • While in prison, Cotton wrote two letters to his wife, telling her to convince his step-daughter not to testify against him.
  • He instructed his wife to offer his step-daughter money to leave the state and to tell her that testifying would likely place the step-daughter in the news.
  • Unknown to Cotton, his cellmate intercepted the first letter and turned it over to the authorities. He never mailed the second letter.
  • Cotton was charged with two counts of criminal solicitation and convicted.

Criminal Justice 130 Survey of Criminal Law (47 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions