Chapter 2 powerpoint pt. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Our system of government is based on a ___________ that limits the power of government.

A

constitution

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2
Q

Our system of government is based on a constitution that limits the power of ____________.

A

government

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3
Q

Why did the founding fathers finding their form, constitutional democracy, necessary?

A

They felt it was necessary due to the harshness of British colonial rule.

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4
Q

The constitution was designed to protect the rights of the ___________ against the tyrannical tendencies of ___________.

A

individual

government

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5
Q

The founding fathers realized that individuals require ____________ ___________ against the political passions and intolerance of democratic majorities.

A

constitutional safeguards

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6
Q

The founding fathers realized that individuals require constitutional safeguards against the political passions and intolerance of ___________ _________.

A

democratic majorities

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7
Q

The first principle of American jurisprudence is the _____ ___ ________.

A

rule of legality

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8
Q

Who developed the rules of legality?

A

common law judges

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9
Q

Rules of Legality: “Nullum crimen sine lege, nulla poena sine lege”; what does this mean?

A

No crime without law, no punishment without law

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10
Q

The U.S. Constitution bans ____ ___ ________ and ___ _____ _____ laws.

A

bills of attainder

ex post facto

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11
Q

The U.S. Constitution requires ______ ___ _______.

A

clarity of statutes

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12
Q

What article and section of the U.S. Constitution are bills of attainder and ex post facto laws located?

A

Article I, Sections 9 and 10

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13
Q

A bill of attainder is a legislative act that punishes an individual or a group of persons without the benefit of a _____.

A

trial

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14
Q

A ____ __ _______ is a legislative act that punishes an individual or a group of persons without the benefit of a trial.

A

bill of attainder

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15
Q

A bill of attainder is a legislative act that punishes an ________ or a _____ of persons without the benefit of a trial.

A

individual

group

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16
Q

What is ex post facto? How do ex post facto laws work?

A

Arresting someone for a crime that prior to arrest was not illegal.
Ex post facto laws make the previous stated process illegal.

17
Q

Categories of ex post facto laws: Every law that makes an action, done before the passing of the law, and was _________ when done, criminal; and punishes such action.

18
Q

Categories of ex post facto laws: Every law that __________ a crime, or makes it greater than it was, when committed.

A

aggravates

19
Q

Categories of ex post facto laws: Every law that _________ the ___________, and inflicts a greater ___________, than the law annexed to the crime, when committed.

A

changes
punishment
punishment

20
Q

Categories of ex post facto laws: Every law that alters the ______ ______ of __________, and receives less, or different, testimony, than the law required at the time of the commission of the offense, in order to _______ the ________.

A

legal rules
evidence
convict
offender

21
Q

According to the U.S. Constitution, an individual’s rights and liberties must be balanced against the need for _______ ______ and _________.

A

social order

stability

22
Q

The Rule of Legality is reflected in what two constitution principles?

A

Bills of Attainder and Ex Post Facto Laws

23
Q

The _____ __ _________ were established to protect Americans from arbitrary punishment.

A

Bills of Attainder

24
Q

The Bills of Attainder were established to protect Americans from arbitrary ___________.

A

punishment

25
What is the different between bills of attainder and the ex post facto laws?
A bill of attainder punishes a specific individual or specific individuals. An ex post facto law criminalizes an act that was legal at the time the act was committed.
26
True or False: A bill of attainder is limited to criminal punishment
False; A bill of attainder is not limited to criminal punishment and may involve any disadvantage imposed on an individual
27
True or False: ex post facto laws are limited to criminal punishment.
True
28
An ex post facto law is enforced in a ________ trial.
criminal
29
An ex post facto law is enforced in a criminal _____.
trial
30
Due process requires that criminal statutes should be drafted in a clear and understandable fashion.
Statutory Clarity
31
A statute that fails to meet the standard of statutory clarity is unconstitutional on the grounds that it is _____ ___ _________.
void for vagueness
32
A statute that fails to meet the standard of ________ ______ is unconstitutional on the grounds that it is void for vagueness.
statutory clarity
33
What are the requirements of due process?
1. Individuals receive notice of criminal conduct 2. Police, prosecutors, judges, and jurors are provided with a reasonably clear statement of prohibited behavior 3. Individuals are not deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law
34
When was Equal Protection inserted into the U.S. Constitution?
Shortly after the Civil War
35
Equal Protection was guaranteed by the __th and __th amendments of the U.S. Constitution.
13th | 14th
36
What are the three levels of analysis (of scrutiny) for equal protection?
1. Rational basis (or minimal level scrutiny) 2. Strict scrutiny 3. Intermediate scrutiny
37
What does rational basis (minimal level scrutiny) of equal protection address?
The poor, elderly, mentally challenged, and age.
38
What does strict scrutiny of equal protection address?
Race and ethnicity
39
What does intermediate scrutiny of equal protection address?
Gender