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Stuarts > Chapter 9: Political divisions: Long Parliament, Pym and Civil War outbreak > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Political divisions: Long Parliament, Pym and Civil War outbreak Flashcards

1
Q

When did the long parliament run?

A

1640-60.

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2
Q

Why do we say the long parliament ran until 1660 when in reality there was multiple different parliaments?

A

Parliament argued only they could dissolve themselves, so although Charles dissolved them many times, they didn’t dissolve themselves until 1660.

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3
Q

What was Bedford’s proposed financial settlement in 1640/41?

A
  • Abolish worst parts of personal rule.
  • Return to Protestantism.
  • Bedford as Lord Treasurer.
  • Pym as Chancellor of Exchequer.
  • Backed by Pym.
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4
Q

Why did Bedford’s financial settlement not end up happening?

A

Bedford died 1641.

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5
Q

What was the Bridging appointment proposed by Bedford in 1641?

A

Charles opponents should be appointed to Parliament to ensure balance and no uprisings from P.

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6
Q

What were parliaments criticisms of Wentworth, leading up to his impeachment?

A
  • Wentworth wanted war with Scotland, P liked Scots.
  • P using Wentworth as scape-goat when their really angry at Charles.
  • P didn’t like that Wentworth wanted English army to come back from Ireland to control country.
  • Thought if they got rid of ‘evil ministers’ P could replace them without too much disruption, but still change.
  • Scots wanted Wentworth dead.
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7
Q

When was Wentworth impeached?

A

November 1640.

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8
Q

When was Wentworth’s trial?

A

March 1641.

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9
Q

When was Wentworth executed?

A

12th May 1641.

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10
Q

What is a Bill of Attainder?

A

Medieval. Anyone seen as a threat to the state can be removed from P without a trial.

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11
Q

Who was the Bill of Attainder used on in 1641?

A

Wentworth.

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12
Q

What did parliament use to remove Wentworth from parliament without a trial?

A

Bill of Attainder.

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13
Q

Why did Charles consent to Wentworth’s execution?

A

Scared for his and his families lives.

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14
Q

What was dodgy about the vote for Wentworth’s execution?

A

Only about half of parliament voted (moderates). So looks like majority wanted him dead, but really only radicals voted.

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15
Q

What was the army plot in May 1641?

A
  • Pym revealed rumours of army plot.
  • Royalist plot trying to seize Tower of London and release Wentworth.
  • London Mob went to tower to defend it and keep Wentworth in prison.
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16
Q

Who were the London crowd/mob?

A

Derogatory term towards ordinary people supporting parliament.

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17
Q

What was John Pym’s aims as an opposer of Charles in commons in 1640?

A

Figure head of radical attack on crown.

  • Remove Charles ‘evil councillors’.
  • Increase Protestantism.
  • Working with Coventers.
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18
Q

When was the Root and Branch petition?

A

December 1640.

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19
Q

What was the Root and Branch petition?

A
  • Demanded end of bishops and episcopacy.
  • By Puritans.
  • House of Lords rejected petition.
20
Q

When was the Triennial Act?

A

February 1641.

21
Q

What was the Triennial Act?

A
  • Abolished ship money.
  • Crown had to call P every 3 years.
  • Ensured not another personal rule.
22
Q

When did Bedford die?

A

May 1641.

23
Q

Why were there divisions within parliament in 1641?

A
  • Disagreed with how to prevent personal rule.
  • Not everyone agreed with Bill of Attainder.
  • Religion - some more protestant, some more puritan.
24
Q

When was the ten propositions?

A

June 1641.

25
Q

What were the ten propositions?

A

Parliament wanted:

  • P input into privy council members.
  • P control over those around the queen.
  • P control over royal children religious education.
  • -> Confirms P becoming increasingly radical.
26
Q

Why did Charles accept the abolishment of episcopacy in Scotland?

A

Hoped Coventers would give in and leave England.

27
Q

When was the ‘incident’ in Scotland?

A

October 1641.

28
Q

What was the Scottish ‘incident’.

A
  • Royalist plot to kidnap coventers.
  • -> Scots no longer trusting crown.
  • -> Crown forced to appoint opponent MP’s.
29
Q

When was the Irish rebellion?

A

October 1641 - winter 1641-42.

30
Q

What was England’s perception of the Irish rebellion?

A
  • Feared Catholicism - rumours of massacres of protestants.

- Second army plot - rumours Wentworth was bringing army from Ireland to England to fight P.

31
Q

When was the Grand Remonstrance?

A

November 1641.

32
Q

What was the Grand Remonstrance?

A
  • By Pym.
  • List of criticisms of things Charles had done since 1625.
  • Said Charles shouldn’t be trusted with army.
  • Strongly anti-catholic.
  • Done right when Charles returned from Scotland to appeal to London mob.
33
Q

Why was the Grand Remonstrance significant?

A
  • Seen as direct attack on Charles.
  • Ordinary people involved to put pressure on Charles.
  • Only closely voted to pass - not all MP’s against Charles.
34
Q

What was the Militia Bill?

A
  • Aimed to remove King’s power over trained bands.
  • Aimed to give P the power to appoint army commanders.
  • Basically transferring royal prerogative to P.
35
Q

When was the five members coup?

A

January 1642.

36
Q

What was the five members coup?

A
  • Impeachment of MP’s by Charles. Eg/ Pym, Hampden etc.
  • Failed because MP’s already already left Commons when Charles went to arrest them.
  • Charles left London to safety in Hampton Court.
37
Q

Where did Charles and his family move too after the failed five members coup?

A

Hampton Court.

38
Q

When was the exclusion bill?

A

February 1642.

39
Q

What was the exclusion bill?

A

Petition for removal of bishops from parliament (they were mainly in House of Lords).
Accepted due to pressure from London Crowd.

40
Q

When was the militia bill passed?

A

March 1642.

41
Q

What was the militia ordinance?

A

P wanted power to appoint Lord Lieutenants not crown.

P wanted control on military.

42
Q

What was the Commission of Array?

A

King said he had prerogative right to raise army.

43
Q

When were the nineteen propositions?

A

June 1642.

44
Q

What were the nineteen propositions?

A

Parliament wanted…

  • Privy councillors have to be approved by P.
  • 5 impeached MPs pardoned.
  • Royalists then wrote ‘answers to the nineteen propositions’ in response.
45
Q

What was said in the ‘answers to the nineteen propositions’?

A
  • By royalists.
  • Said crown prevented anarchy.
  • The propositions were causing confusion and would lead to rebellion.
46
Q

What did moderates think in response to iconoclasm?

A

Crown and church needed to establish and maintain order.

47
Q

When did Charles I declare war on parliament? (i.e. the start of the civil war)

A

22nd August 1642.

Stuarts (12 decks)

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