Chapter 8: Political Divisions: Personal Rule and the Short Parliament

Question 1

What 3 governing bodies did Charles rely on during his personal rule?

Answer 1

Privy Council.
Star Chamber.
Court of High Commission.

Question 2

Who were some prominent members of the privy council during Charles personal rule?

Answer 2

Weston.
Laud.
Juxon.

Question 3

What was the Star Chamber?

Answer 3

• Privy Council members selected by the King.

- Held court cases in secret.

Question 4

What was the Court of High Commission?

Answer 4

• Chief court of the church.
• Used by Laud.
• Found guilty? sentenced by Star Chamber.

Question 5

How much debt was Charles in by 1629?

Answer 5

£2 million.

Question 6

How did Charles save money in the very early stages of his personal rule?

Answer 6

• Peace with France 1629 - Treaty of Susa.
• Peace with Spain 1630 - Treaty of Madrid.
• Weston’s court finance reform.

Question 7

What dates were Charles personal rule?

Answer 7

1629-40.

Question 8

What are 5 ways Charles increase his income through his prerogative right during his personal rule?

Answer 8

• Tonnage and poundage.
• New book of rates.
• Monopoly act loop hole - grants given to corporations eg/ soap to group of Catholics.
• Increased recusancy fines.
• SHIP MONEY - levies to all towns, despite there being no war and only mean’t for coastal towns.

Question 9

Why did Charles’ raising of ship money during his personal rule cause such outrage?

Answer 9

• Supposed to be only for coastal towns - he collected it from inland counties too.
• Supposed to be only for war time.

Question 10

What religion was Scotland up until (and after) 1639?

Answer 10

Presbyterian.

Question 11

What did bishops in Scotland have to resort to when Charles made them read from a Laudian prayer book?

Answer 11

Had to arm themselves as Scots didn’t like them changing to Laudianism.

Question 12

Why did the St Giles Cathedral protest in Edinburgh happen 1637?

Answer 12

• Organised by nobles.

- Because Presbyterian Scots didn’t like the fact Laudian prayer books were being used in churches.

Question 13

What radical document was produced by the Scots in Feb 1638?

Answer 13

The Scottish National Covenant.

Question 14

When was the Scottish National Covenant produced?

Answer 14

Feb 1638.

Question 15

What was the Scottish National Covenant document?

Answer 15

• Written by Presbyterian radicals.
• To unite people against Charles Laudian religious policies.
• Charles had to collect ship money to they and fight these Coventers.

Question 16

When was the Bishops war?

Answer 16

1639-40.

Question 17

Why did Charles let the Scottish Religious General Assembly in Glasgow sit in 1638? What was discussed?

Answer 17

• Charles needed time to raise an army.
• They annulled canon laws.
• Abolished episcopacy.

Question 18

What is an episcopacy?

Answer 18

Church government of bishops.

Question 19

When and what was the Truce of Berwick?

Answer 19

June 1639.
Charles agreed to a meeting with the General Assembly of Scots and Parliament.
Scots agreed to disband their army - but they didn’t bc didn’t trust Charles.
Scottish assembly decided to reduce royal power.
Ended Bishop’s war.

Question 20

Who advised Charles to call the short parliament?

Answer 20

Thomas Wentworth (he was called back to England from Ireland to help Charles with Scots).

Question 21

When did the Scottish Coventers occupy Newcastle.

Answer 21

August 1640.

Question 22

Where did the Scottish Coventers occupy in August 1640?

Answer 22

Newcastle.

Question 23

When and what was the treaty of Ripon?

Answer 23

October 1640.
Charles paid Scots to live in Newcastle without fighting England, so Charles would have enough time to raise funds for army.

Question 24

What different groups were living in Ireland in 1629?

Answer 24

• Irish Catholics - majority.
• Presbyterian Scots - living in the Ulster.
• English settlers ruled by Charles - living in ‘The Pale’.

Question 25

When was Wentworth made Lord Deputy of Ireland?

Answer 25

1632.

Question 26

Who was made Lord Deputy of Ireland in 1632?

Answer 26

Thomas Wentworth.

Question 27

What successes did Wentworth have in Ireland?

Answer 27

• Increased royal authority.

- Increased profit from Irish customs.

Question 28

Why did the Irish rebel in October 1641?

Answer 28

• Catholic Irish felt threatened by Presbyterians and Puritans.
• To prevent harsh Puritan rules.
• Wentworth was back in England - prime time to rebel when royal representative gone.

Question 29

What was the Hampden case 1637?

Answer 29

• MP Hampden in court for not paying ship money.

- Crown only just won the case to imprison him - shows Charles position is weakening.

Question 30

What was the Providence Island Company?

Answer 30

A colonisation company, that was actually the centre for opposition to Charles. Members included Fiennes and Pym.

Question 31

When did the Short Parliament run?

Answer 31

13th April - 5th May 1640.

Question 32

Why did Charles dissolve the short parliament?

Answer 32

MP’s refuses to vote for subsidies for war against coventers - they liked Scotland more than Charles.

Question 33

What were the 3 main oppositions to Charles personal rule in England?

Answer 33

• Finances - ship money.
• Charles narrowly wins MP Hampden case.
• Providence Island Company.

Question 34

Who was Thomas Wentworth?

Answer 34

• Lord Deputy of Ireland 1632.
• On Charles side.
• Charles chief advisor eg/ advised to call short parliament.
• Lieutenant General of Army.

Question 35

Who was William Fiennes?

Answer 35

• Protestant.
• In House of Lords.
• Founded Providence Island Company.
• In contact with Scots - thought Charles would have to recall parliament to sort out rebellion - then PN can voice their opinions.

Question 36

Who was John Hampden?

Answer 36

• MP.
• Imprisoned for not paying forced loan.
• Imprisoned for not paying ship money - Charles narrowly won court case for him to be imprisoned.
• Charles marched in and arrested him 1642.

Question 37

Who was John Pym?

Answer 37

• MP.
• Puritan.
• Leading member of Providence Island Company.