Chapter 8: Political Divisions: Personal Rule and the Short Parliament Flashcards
What 3 governing bodies did Charles rely on during his personal rule?
Privy Council.
Star Chamber.
Court of High Commission.
Who were some prominent members of the privy council during Charles personal rule?
Weston.
Laud.
Juxon.
What was the Star Chamber?
- Privy Council members selected by the King.
- Held court cases in secret.
What was the Court of High Commission?
- Chief court of the church.
- Used by Laud.
- Found guilty? sentenced by Star Chamber.
How much debt was Charles in by 1629?
£2 million.
How did Charles save money in the very early stages of his personal rule?
- Peace with France 1629 - Treaty of Susa.
- Peace with Spain 1630 - Treaty of Madrid.
- Weston’s court finance reform.
What dates were Charles personal rule?
1629-40.
What are 5 ways Charles increase his income through his prerogative right during his personal rule?
- Tonnage and poundage.
- New book of rates.
- Monopoly act loop hole - grants given to corporations eg/ soap to group of Catholics.
- Increased recusancy fines.
- SHIP MONEY - levies to all towns, despite there being no war and only mean’t for coastal towns.
Why did Charles’ raising of ship money during his personal rule cause such outrage?
- Supposed to be only for coastal towns - he collected it from inland counties too.
- Supposed to be only for war time.
What religion was Scotland up until (and after) 1639?
Presbyterian.
What did bishops in Scotland have to resort to when Charles made them read from a Laudian prayer book?
Had to arm themselves as Scots didn’t like them changing to Laudianism.
Why did the St Giles Cathedral protest in Edinburgh happen 1637?
- Organised by nobles.
- Because Presbyterian Scots didn’t like the fact Laudian prayer books were being used in churches.
What radical document was produced by the Scots in Feb 1638?
The Scottish National Covenant.
When was the Scottish National Covenant produced?
Feb 1638.
What was the Scottish National Covenant document?
- Written by Presbyterian radicals.
- To unite people against Charles Laudian religious policies.
- Charles had to collect ship money to they and fight these Coventers.
When was the Bishops war?
1639-40.
Why did Charles let the Scottish Religious General Assembly in Glasgow sit in 1638? What was discussed?
- Charles needed time to raise an army.
- They annulled canon laws.
- Abolished episcopacy.
What is an episcopacy?
Church government of bishops.
When and what was the Truce of Berwick?
June 1639.
Charles agreed to a meeting with the General Assembly of Scots and Parliament.
Scots agreed to disband their army - but they didn’t bc didn’t trust Charles.
Scottish assembly decided to reduce royal power.
Ended Bishop’s war.
Who advised Charles to call the short parliament?
Thomas Wentworth (he was called back to England from Ireland to help Charles with Scots).
When did the Scottish Coventers occupy Newcastle.
August 1640.
Where did the Scottish Coventers occupy in August 1640?
Newcastle.
When and what was the treaty of Ripon?
October 1640.
Charles paid Scots to live in Newcastle without fighting England, so Charles would have enough time to raise funds for army.
What different groups were living in Ireland in 1629?
- Irish Catholics - majority.
- Presbyterian Scots - living in the Ulster.
- English settlers ruled by Charles - living in ‘The Pale’.
When was Wentworth made Lord Deputy of Ireland?
1632.
Who was made Lord Deputy of Ireland in 1632?
Thomas Wentworth.
What successes did Wentworth have in Ireland?
- Increased royal authority.
- Increased profit from Irish customs.
Why did the Irish rebel in October 1641?
- Catholic Irish felt threatened by Presbyterians and Puritans.
- To prevent harsh Puritan rules.
- Wentworth was back in England - prime time to rebel when royal representative gone.
What was the Hampden case 1637?
- MP Hampden in court for not paying ship money.
- Crown only just won the case to imprison him - shows Charles position is weakening.
What was the Providence Island Company?
A colonisation company, that was actually the centre for opposition to Charles. Members included Fiennes and Pym.
When did the Short Parliament run?
13th April - 5th May 1640.
Why did Charles dissolve the short parliament?
MP’s refuses to vote for subsidies for war against coventers - they liked Scotland more than Charles.
What were the 3 main oppositions to Charles personal rule in England?
- Finances - ship money.
- Charles narrowly wins MP Hampden case.
- Providence Island Company.
Who was Thomas Wentworth?
- Lord Deputy of Ireland 1632.
- On Charles side.
- Charles chief advisor eg/ advised to call short parliament.
- Lieutenant General of Army.
Who was William Fiennes?
- Protestant.
- In House of Lords.
- Founded Providence Island Company.
- In contact with Scots - thought Charles would have to recall parliament to sort out rebellion - then PN can voice their opinions.
Who was John Hampden?
- MP.
- Imprisoned for not paying forced loan.
- Imprisoned for not paying ship money - Charles narrowly won court case for him to be imprisoned.
- Charles marched in and arrested him 1642.
Who was John Pym?
- MP.
- Puritan.
- Leading member of Providence Island Company.
