Chapter 7: Religion up to 1640

Question 1

What was the Jacobethan balance?

Answer 1

Calvinists that were tolerant of other religions to a certain extent. Majority of political nation.

Question 2

When was Laud made Archbishop of Canterbury?

Answer 2

1633.

Question 3

What were the two main beliefs of Laudianism?

Answer 3

1) Reject predestination.

2) Ritual and ceremony > bible and preaching.

Question 4

What were some physical Laudian measures introduced into churches?

Answer 4

• Communion table moved and used as a Catholic altar.
• Music.
• Vestments.
• No more gentry pews.
• Decoration eg/ stain glassed windows.
• Emphasis on ceremony.

Question 5

What was involved in the altar policy (moving of the communion table)?

Answer 5

• Communion table moved to where a Catholic altar would be.
• Raised by steps.
• Separated from rest of the church by a rail.
• Decorated.

Question 6

What were some other Laudian measures (actions more than physical objects)?

Answer 6

• Catechism - list of statements recited like would happen in a Catholic Church.
• Feoffees for Impropriations Act 1633.
• Gentry pews removed.
• Reissue of Book of Sports 1633 - Puritans believed Sunday was solely about God, this book recommended doing sports on Sunday after church.

Question 7

When and what was the Feoffees for Impropriations Act banning?

Answer 7

Banned 1633 - money raised to establish Puritan preachers.

Question 8

How were Laudian measures enforced?

Answer 8

Visitations from bishops. But how well the measures were actually implicated depended on the local bishops.

Question 9

What legislation enforced Laudian measures?

Answer 9

1640 canon laws.

Question 10

What is Patrick Collinson’s definition of Puritans?

Answer 10

‘The hotter sort of Protestants’.

Question 11

What are the 4 case studies in which Charles harshly punished Puritans?

Answer 11

1) St Gregory’s case.
2) John Williams.
3) Prynne, Burton and Bastwick.
4) John Lilburne.

Question 12

When and what is St Gregory’s case?

Answer 12

1633 - parishioners criticised the moving of the communion table. Were brought before the Privy Council.

Question 13

When and what was Puritan John Williams’ punishment?

Answer 13

1637 - criticised altar policy ( as altar is a Catholic word). Imprisoned.

Question 14

When and what were Prynne, Burton and Bastwick’s punishments?

Answer 14

1637 - criticised church policy. Brought before star chamber, fined £5000 and imprisoned for life.

Question 15

When and what was Puritan John Lilburne’s punishment?

Answer 15

1638. Published criticisms of Laudianism. Brought before star chamber, fined, publicly whipped and dragged by a cart to prison.

Question 16

Before Laudianism was imposed, what religion was Scotland?

Answer 16

Presbyterian.

Question 17

What was the Act of Revocation?

Answer 17

Charles took land from Scottish elite to support Church.

Question 18

What were the Articles of Perth Charles implemented in Scotland?

Answer 18

Catholic-like commands eg/ kneeling at communion, private baptism and communions.

Question 19

What about Charles 1633 coronation angered Scots?

Answer 19

• Coronated in a palace in Edinburgh instead of the traditional place.
• More Catholic ceremony.

Question 20

What did the 1636 canon laws impose on Scotland?

Answer 20

• Altar moved.
• Ministers had to wear a surplice during communion.
• Improvised prayer banned - prayer book only.
  Scottish Parliament had no say in any of this.

Question 21

When was the Laudian prayer book introduced in Scotland?

Answer 21

1637 - very Catholic - Charles didn’t consult with Scottish Parliament - led to rebellion and civil war.

Question 22

What was millenarianism and who believed it? Why did this become a more popular belief?

Answer 22

• Belief in the end of the world.
• Protestants.
• Believed that Laudianism and political crisis was a sign Judgement Day was near.