Chapter 11: The Second Civil War

Question 1

What was Charles position like before the Second Civil War?

Answer 1

Lost First Civil War, but still in good position to negotiate with Parliament.

Question 2

What 2 factions had parliament divided into by the end of the First Civil War in 1646?

Answer 2

Political Presbyterians.

Political Independents.

Question 3

What were some of the key ideas of the political Presbyterians?

Answer 3

• Holles.
• ‘Peace party’ - moderate.
• No religious toleration.
• Wanted to negotiate with king.
• Wanted to disband NMA.

Question 4

What were some of the key ideas of the political Independents?

Answer 4

• Cromwell and Ireton.
• ‘War party’ - radical.
• Wanted religious toleration.
• Allied with NMA.
• Would accept negotiations and disband NMA if King had limited power.

Question 5

Who was the leading figure of the Political Presbyterians?

Answer 5

Holles.

Question 6

Who were the leading figures of the Political independents?

Answer 6

Cromwell and Ireton.

Question 7

When were the Newcastle Propositions?

Answer 7

July 1646.

Question 8

Who proposed the 1646 Newcastle Propositions?

Answer 8

Political Presbyterians.

Question 9

What were the 1646 Newcastle Propositions?

Answer 9

Political Presbyterian’s plan for settlement.

• Presby be main religion in England for 3yrs.
• Parliament to own militia for 20yrs.
• Triennial Act to remain.
• Some royalists pardoned.

Question 10

What revisions of the Newcastle Propositions did the Political Presbyterians make in hopes that Charles would accept?

Answer 10

• Disband NMA and just have small army to crush Irish.

- New after army.

Question 11

Who wrote the Declaration of Dislike and what did it say?

Answer 11

Holles (Political Presbyterian leader).

• Against NMA.
• Army petitioners are ‘ enemies to the state’.

Question 12

Who was first, second and third in command of the New Model Army when it first formed?

Answer 12

1) Fairfax.
2) Cromwell.
3) Ireton.

Question 13

What 3 things were the NMA worried about in the period between the First and Second Civil Wars?

Answer 13

• Thought Political Presbyterians raising rival army.
• Wages £3mill in arrears.
• Could be charged with war offences because no indemnity act passed.

Question 14

What is an indemnity act?

Answer 14

Insurance for soldiers against prosecution for actions taken in war.

Question 15

Why did the NMA hold their first general meeting at Newmarket in June 1647?

Answer 15

Because Commons voted to disband NMA with only 8 weeks of arrears to pay.

Question 16

What body as formed in the NMA’s June 1647 meeting at Newmarket?

Answer 16

General Council of the Army.
Led by Fairfax.
Dominated by Ireton and Cromwell.

Question 17

Who produced the Humble Remonstrance?

Answer 17

NMA.

Question 18

When did the army produce the Humble Remonstrance?

Answer 18

June 1647.

Question 19

What was the contents of the NMA’s June 1647 Humble Remonstrance?

Answer 19

They would not disband until their grievances were met.

Question 20

Who wrote the NMA’s Solemn Engagement - published June 1647?

Answer 20

Henry Ireton.

Question 21

Charles was taken from Parliament by the army in June 1647, where was he kept? (2 locations)

Answer 21

Army Headquarters at Newmarket.

Later at Hampton Court.

Question 22

What did the army demand in their June 1647 ‘A Representation of the Army’ document?

Answer 22

• Purge of Parliament.
• Future Parliament’s to be of fixed duration.
• Religious freedom.
• Right for people to petition Parliament.

Question 23

When was the Head of Proposals published?

Answer 23

2nd August 1647.

Question 24

What were the main points in the Head of Proposals?

Answer 24

• Biennial parliaments.
• Parliamentary control of army and navy.
• Religious settlement.

Question 25

Who wrote the Head of Proposals?

Answer 25

Army - Ireton and Lambert.

Question 26

When did Charles escape from Hampton Court?

Answer 26

November 1647.

Question 27

What were the four bills an amalgamation of?

Answer 27

Army’s heads of Proposals.

Parliament’s Newcastle Propositions.

Question 28

When was The Engagement?

Answer 28

December 1647.

Question 29

What was the aims of The Engagement?

Answer 29

3 years of Presbyterianism in England in return for Scot’s invading England to return Charles to the throne.

Question 30

When and what was the Vote of No Addresses?

Answer 30

January 1648.

No further negotiations with Charles as a result of The Engagement.

Question 31

What did the Army say in the April 1648 Windsor Prayer Meeting?

Answer 31

Charles was ‘that man of blood’.

First mention of regicide.

Question 32

When was regicide first publicly discussed by the Army?

Answer 32

April 1648 - Windsor Prayer Meeting.