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COA Vocabulary > Chapter 9: Ocular Motility > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Ocular Motility Flashcards

1
Q

Ocular Motility

A

The evaluation of eye movements and their disorders

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2
Q

Rectus muscles

A

The 6 muscles that are attached to each eye to aid in movement
3 planes of movement:
1) Horizontal
2) Vertical
3) Torsional

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3
Q

Superior Rectus Muscle

A

EOM attached to the upper side of the globe
3 functions:
1) Supraduction
2) Incyclotorision
3) Adduction
Innervated by Oculomotor nerve

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4
Q

Inferior Rectus Muscle

A

EOM attached to the underside of the globe
3 functions:
1) Infraduction
2) Excyclotorsion
3) Adduction
Innervated by the Oculomotor nerve

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5
Q

Medial Rectus Muscle

A

EOM attached to the inner side of the globe
Function
1) Adduction
Innervated by the Oculomotor nerve

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6
Q

Lateral Rectus Muscle

A

EOM attached to the outer part of the globe
Function:
1) Abduction
Innervated by the Abducens nerve

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7
Q

Superior Oblique Muscle

A

EOM attached to the upper/outer side of the globe
3 Functions:
1) Incyclotorsion
2) Depression
3) Abduction
Innervated by the Trochlear nerve

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8
Q

Inferior Oblique Muscle

A

EOM attached to the lower, outer part of the globe
3 functions:
1) Excyclotorsion
2) Elevation
3) Abduction
Innervated by the Oculomotor nerve

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9
Q

Primary Action

A

The strongest action of the EOM

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10
Q

Secondary Action

A

The intermediate action of the EOM

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11
Q

Tertiary Action

A

The weakest action of the EOM

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12
Q

Cardinal Positions of Gaze

A

The 6 points to which a patient’s eyes are directed, t test the major function of each EOM

Positions:
Right and Up
Right
Right and Down
Left and Up
Left
Left and Down

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13
Q

Agonist

A

The muscle that moves the eye into a particular direction of gaze

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14
Q

Antagonist

A

The muscle in the same eye that opposes the action of the agonist muscle action

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15
Q

Ductions

A

Eye movements of a single eye

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16
Q

Versions

A

Eye movements of both eyes at the same time

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17
Q

Oculomotor Nerve

A

The 3rd cranial nerve, which supplies the impulses that activate the superior, medial, and inferior rectus muscles, inferior oblique muscles, as well as the levator palpebrae and the pupil

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18
Q

Trochlear Nerve

A

The 4th cranial nerve, which supplies the impulses to the superior oblique muscle.

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19
Q

Abducens Nerve

A

The 6th cranial nerve, which supplies impulses to the lateral rectus muscle

20
Q

Conjugate

A

When the eye muscles move in the same direction,

21
Q

Disconjugate

A

When the eyes move in opposite directions simultaneously. The most important example of this is convergence

22
Q

Convergence

A

The coordinated movement of both eyes inward in order to view close by objects

23
Q

Strabismus

A

A misalignment of the eyes that may cause vision to be disturbed, and occurs when the EOMs do not work in a coordinated manner

24
Q

Cominant

A

A strabismus that is the same in all fields of gaze

25
Q

Incominant

A

A strabismus that has a different deviation in various gaze directions typically caused by either restriction or paralysis of EOMs

26
Q

Exo-

A

The outward deviation of the eye

27
Q

Eso-

A

The inward deviation of the eye

28
Q

Hypo-

A

The downward deviation of the eye

29
Q

Hyper-

A

The upward deviation of the eye

30
Q

Manifest

A

An abnormal eye alignment that is consistently present

31
Q

Latent

A

An abnormal eye alignment that is present only when fixation is interrupted

32
Q

Esotropia

A

The inward deviation of the eye in which the misalignment of the eye is present even when uncovered

33
Q

Esophoria

A

The inward deviation of the eye tat is present only when one eye is covered

34
Q

Corneal Light Reflex

A

A simple way to check eye alignment by observing how light reflects off of the corneas
Also called the Hirschberg test

35
Q

Hirschberg Test

A

A simple test for eye alignment. If the reflection of the light in each cornea is centered in the pupil, then there is alignment

36
Q

Krimsky Test

A

A medical procedure to measure the angle of strabismus in patients with a horizontal strabismus
A prism is placed in front of a patient’s eye to correct the corneal light reflex

37
Q

Cover-Uncover Testing

A

A test performed by alternating covering and uncovering each eye to determine if a patient’s eyes are misaligned (tropias)

38
Q

Alternate Cover Testing

A

A test performed by placing an occluder over one eye and then moving it to the other eye slowly in order to detect a tendency for the eyes to deviate while under the occluder (phorias)

39
Q

Prism and Alternative Cover Testing

A

A test to measure the quantity of ocular misalignment using prisms and an occluder

40
Q

Fusion

A

The blending by the brain of the separate images received by the 2 eyes so that a single image is perceived even when the eyes move

41
Q

Diplopia

A

Double vision, which can be cause by either strabismus or another eye condition

42
Q

Suppression

A

The brain’s mechanism to avoid double vision by ignoring one eye
The brain loses this ability after childhood

43
Q

Amblyopia

A

Decreased vision present without apparent abnormalities in the ocular anatomy and uncorrectable by spectacles or contact lenses. This results visual deprivation in early childhood

44
Q

Stereopsis

A

3D visual perception

45
Q

Titmus Stereopsis Test

A

A test for determining whether the patient has fine depth perception in terms of binocular cooperation

COA Vocabulary (19 decks)

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