Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

COA Vocabulary > Chapter 8: Comprehensive Medical Eye Exam > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Comprehensive Medical Eye Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of Medical Eye Exam

A

To detect and diagnose abnormalities and diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Major parts of Eye Exam

A

1) Patient History
2) Exam and Testing
3) Evaluation of Findings, Diagnosis, and Treatment/Management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Aspects of Eye Function, Anatomy, and Physical Appearance and Condition

A

1) Visual Acuity
2) Alignment and Motility
3) Pupillary Examination
4) Visual Field Examination
5) Intraocular Pressures
6) External Examination
7) Biomicroscopy
8) Ophthalmoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Visual Acuity

A

Testing of the patient’s ability to see distance and near

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lensometry

A

The measurement of certain qualities of lenses using a lensometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Refractometry

A

The measurement of refractive error with a variety of instruments and techniques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Keratometry, or Corneal Topography

A

The measurement of corneal curvature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Alignment and Motility Examination

A

Testing to confirm the alignment of a patient’s eyes
Done through Cover-Uncover and Cross Cover Testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pupillary Examination

A

Examination of the pupils when exposed to light in order to detect pupillary malfunctions (EX APD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Visual Field Examination

A

A test of the patient’s full ability to see and central and peripheral objects when the patient’s gaze is fixed straight ahead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Intraocular Pressure Measurement

A

The measurement of the pressure within the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tonometry

A

The measurement of intraocular pressure by means of a tonometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

External Examination

A

The Ophthalmologist examining the external portions of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Biomicroscopy

A

Examination of the entire eye, from the cornea and adnexa to the fundus and retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Biomicroscope, or Slit Lamp

A

An instrument used for close examination of the lids, lashes, cornea, lens, membranes, and clear fluids within the eye.
Consists of microscope of low magnifying power and a light source that projects a rectangular beam that changes in size and focus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ophthalmoscopy

A

The Ophthalmologist uses an Ophthalmoscope in order to examine the fundus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fundus

A

A collective term for the retina, optic disc, and macula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Asymptomatic

A

Without symptoms of a disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Importance of Eye Exams

A

1) Detecting eye disease that may be asymptomatic in the early stages
2) Assessment of ocular health can indicate overall health
3) Determine pre-existing factors for eye disease and monitor them for the future

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Frequency of Exams

A

Adults 20-39: Every 3-5 years
Adults 40-64 (asymptomatic): 2-4 years
After 65: 1-2 years
Established eye conditions: As often as your doctor recommends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Chief Complaint

A

The part of the health history in which the patient describes the primary reason for seeking health care that day.
Should be recorded in the patient’s own words
Should contain: What the issue is, When it started, How it has been going right now (better or worse), What they have already tried

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Past Ocular History

A

The patient’s past history with their eyes.
Includes:
1) Do they currently wear glasses, or did they in the past?
2) Any surgeries or procedures?
3) Past treatments for eye diseases (glaucoma, AMD)
4) Eyedrops, prescription and OTC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

General Medical and Social History

A

An overall history of their medical history
Includes:
1) Any current medical conditions (hypertension, DM)
2) Previous surgeries or medical treatments
3) Outright ask about DM, Pulmonary disease, Hypertension, Thyroid Disease, Neurological conditions, or cancer

Ask about social habits: smoking, drinking, pregnancy/breast feeding, diets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Family History

A

Ask if anyone in the family has been diagnosed with ocular conditions. There are many conditions that can be hereditary and run in families: Glaucoma, AMD, DM, Strabismus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Medications, Allergies, Vitamins and Supplements
Ask the patients about medications that they take Ask the patient about allergies to medications
26
Visual Acuity Exam
This is the portion of the exam where we find out how well the patient can see
27
Visual Acuity
The ability to discern fine detail 20/20 is considered normal. The numerator is the distance (20 feet), and the denominator is what distance the emmetropic eye can read those optotypes.
28
Snellen Acuity Test
A measurement of visual acuity by testing the ability to read characters at a standard distance on a special target called the Snellen Chart
29
Snellen Chart
A printed visual acuity chart consisting of Snellen Optotypes: specially formed letter arranged in rows of decreasing letter size
30
Projector
Another way to use the Snellen chart, in stead of printed letters on the wall, is to have them projected onto the wall using a series of mirrors. This allows us to shrink the exam room from 20 feet to 5 feet.
31
Pinhole Occluder
The handheld device that completely covers one eye and allows the other to view a chart through a tiny central opening The implication is that there is a refractive error that can be corrected. Typically performed when VA is 20/40 or worse
32
Near Visual Acuity
The measurement of the ability to see clearly at a normal reading distance (14-16 inches). Can also be recorded in Jaeger notation, which has a Snellen equivalent.
33
Following Visual Acuity Testing
After performing Visual Acuity, you can then perform: 1) Lensometry 2) Refractometry 3) Keratometry
34
Alignment and Motility Examination
Eye alignment is essential for fusion, and proper vision. Patients are tested for properties: 1) Eye movement 2) Eye alignment 3) Fusional ability
35
Fusion
The blending by the brain of the separate images received by the 2 eyes into a single image
36
Diplopia
Double vision Can be caused by an eye alignment disorder
37
Suppression
The brain's mechanism to avoid double vision by ignoring the image from 1 eye This ability is lost after childhood
38
Stereopsis
3D visual perception
39
6 Cardinal Positions of Gaze
The 6 point to which a patient's eyes are directed, to test the major function if each EOM Positions: 1) Right and up 2) Right 3) Right and down 4) Left and up 5) Left 6) Left and down
40
Muscle Balance
The term that describes the alignment of the EOMs Assessing ocular alignment involves several procedures including the Cover test, Alternative Cover test, and more
41
Strabismus
A misalignment of the eyes that may cause vision disturbances, occurring when the EOMs do not work together
42
Cover-Uncover Test
A test performed by alternating covering and uncovering each eye to determine if a patient's eyes are misaligned This test reveals Tropias
43
Alternate Cover Test
A test performed by placing an occluder over one eye and then moving it slowly over to the other eye to detect a tendency for the eyes to deviate while under the occluder This test is used to detect Phorias Also called Cross Cover Test
44
Prism and Alternative Test
A test that measures the quantity of the ocular misalignment using prisms and an occluder
45
Ancillary Testing
Additional testing that can be performed during an examination
46
Worth 4 Dot Test
A test for determining whether a patient has suppression, diplopia, or fusion
47
Titmus Stereopsis Test
A test for determining whether the patient has fine depth perception in terms of binocular cooperation
48
Pupillary Examination
Important to conduct as it can reveal iris muscle or nerve damage Must be done prior to dilation! 4 procedures: 1) Measuring pupil size in dim light 2) Speed of pupil constriction 3) Pupil response to near fixation 4) Swinging Light Test
49
Swinging-Light Test
A test used to define normal binocular pupillary response to a light stimulus; the direct and consensual pupillary reaction
50
Direct and Consensual Pupillary Reaction
The response of pupils when light is shone in one eye: that eye constricts (direct reaction) and the other eye also constricts (consensual reaction)
51
Afferent Pupillary Defect
A pupil with normal iris function that fails to constrict normally with direct light stimulation but reacts strongly consensually, or when the fellow eye is stimulated Also called Marcus Gunn Pupil Typically an indicator of damage to the optic nerve
52
Visual Field Examination
This measures the expanse and sensitivity of the vision surrounding the direct line of sight; IE Periperhal vision Damage to peripheral vision is common with disease in the retina, optic nerve, or structures along the visual pathway to the brain. Loss of peripheral vision is typically not noticed until it is significant
53
Intracranial
The cavity within the skull that houses the brain
54
Confrontational Visual Field Test
A test comparing the gross boundaries of the patient's visual field with that of the examiner; assumes a normal field of vision for the examiner
55
Amsler Grid Test
A test for determining the presence and location of defects in the central portion of the visual field (20 degrees- 10 degrees in all directions)
56
Intraocular Pressure Measurement
Intraocular eye pressure is maintained through an inflow and outflow of aqueous fluid within the anterior chamber. Elevations of IOP can result in damage to the optic nerve Elevated IOP is often not something that is noticed by the patient unless it has occurred suddenly)
57
Tonometry
The measurement of IOP by means of a tonometer To be done on all patients (unless indicated otherwise)
58
Applanation
A form of tonometry that in which the force required to flatten a small area of the central cornea is measured and extrapolated into IOP Expressed in mm Hg Normal IOP is between 10 and 21 mm Hg
59
Indentation
A form of tonometry in which the amount of corneal indentation produced by a fixed weight is measured
60
Fluorescein
A dye solution that is used in applanation tonometry, as well as intravenously with fluorescein angiography
61
Goldmann Applanation Tonometer
A tonometer that is attached to a biomicroscope (slit lamp) that measures IOP by determining how much force is necessary to flatten the central cornea
62
Tono-Pen
A portable, electronic tonometer used to measure IOP
63
Perkins Tonometer
A handheld applanation tonometer
64
iCare Tonometer
A hand held applanation tonometer that is particularly useful for nervous and younger patients
65
Mackary-Marg Tonometer
An electronic tonometer that measures IOP using an annular ring to flatten the cornea
66
Pneumatonometer
An instrument that uses compressed air and a piston-like wand to applanate the surface of the eye ball and measure IOP
67
Schiotz Tonometer
An indentation contact tonometer that uses weights and a table of measurements based on the weight used to determine IOP Indentation tonometry assumes normal scleral rigidity
68
Scleral Rigidity
The resistance to stretching of the white fibrous outer layer of the eye
69
Pachymetry
The measurement of corneal thickness by use of a pachymeter, which measures the distance between the corneal epithelium and the endothelium Needed for DX's of keratoconus, glaucoma, irregular astigmatism, and corneal edema
70
External Examination
The purpose is to provide assessment of adnexa, external globe, and anterior chamber
71
Palpation
Medical examination through touch
72
Anterior Chamber Evaluation
During this, we evaluate the angle depth for narrow angles to see if the patient is safe to dilate
73
Flashlight Test
A simple test for estimating the depth of the anterior chamber and the chamber angle. Hold flashlight perpendicular to cornea- if there is a shadow on the iris, or the iris is dark, then the angles are narrow.
74
Biomicroscopy
Also called the slit lamp exam, and consists of a magnified viewing with a light source. This can be used to view everything about the eye
75
Gonioscopy
A method of viewing the anterior chamber angle through a special contact lens that is placed on anesthetized eye
76
Goldmann Goniolens
A mirrored contact lens used in gonioscopy, and reflects an image of the anterior chamber angle and is used in conjunction with the slit lamp
77
Koeppe Lens
A high-plus contact lens used in gonioscopy to examine angle structures directly with a handheld light source and microscope
78
Ophthalmoscopy
An instrument used for examining (directly or indirectly) the vitreous and fundus. This is done exclusively by the Ophthalmologist
79
Direct Ophthalmoscope
A handheld instrument with a light and mirror system that provides a 15-fold magnified, monocular view of a narrow field of the ocular fundus
80
Indirect Ophthalmoscope
An instrument with a light and mirror system that provides a binocular and wide view of the ocular fundus. This is worn on the physician's head and is used in conjuncture with some condensing lenses that the physician will hold a distance away from the patient's head The view with this is INVERTED, stereoscopic and virtual Most commonly used
81
Additional Testing
Additional testing may be indicate based on patient history and current symptoms
82
Color Testing
Issues with perceiving color is typically an inherited condition, but can also be an issue related to the optic nerve or retina
83
Pseudoisochromatic Color Plates
A book of plates that display patterns of colored and gray dots to evaluate color vision
84
Farnsworth-Munsell D-15 Test
A test that can identify color vision deficits by asking a patient to arrange 15 pastel-colored chips of similar brightness but subtle different hues in a related color sequence Also called 15-hue test
85
Schirmer Tear Test
A test that uses a strip of filter paper to measure the patient's tear output and helps confirm a dry eye diagnosis. The strip is placed in the outer lower fornix and a timer is set for 5 minutes. The strip is then measured as to how far the wetness (in mm) has spread down the strip.
86
Phenol Red Thread Tear Test
A test that aides in the diagnosis of dry eyes and uses cotton threads treated with pH indicator to measure the patient's tear production
87
Exophthalmometry
The measurement of the prominence of the eyeball in relation to the bony orbital rim surrounding it Performed with evaluation of the Thyroid eye disease and orital tumors
88
Exophthalmometer
An instrument that measures the prominence of the eyeball in relation to the bony orbit surrounding it

COA Vocabulary (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions