Chapter 3: Diseases and Disorders Flashcards
Pathologic
Abnormal, or diseased
Etiology
The study of the causes of disease
Types of Diseases
Infectious
Inflammation
Allergic
Ischemic
Metabolic
Congenital
Developmental
Degenerative
Neoplastic
Traumatic
Microorganisms
A microscopic life form
Infection
The invasion and multiplication of harmful microorganisms in the body’s tissues
Can be either local or diffuse
Inflammation
A local protective tissue response to infection, injury, or irritation in which specialized cells move to the affected area
Characterized by: redness, pain, swelling, warmth
Acute
Refers to a condition that flares up suddenly and persists for a short time
Chronic
Refers to a condition that has persisted for a longer period of time
Immune Reaction
The body’s response to infections, in which antibodies are manufactured to neutralize the infection microorganism and perhaps prevent recurrence of infection
Antibodies
A chemical substance that the body manufactures to neutralize infecting microorganisms, toxin, or foreign agent
Allergic Reactions
A condition in which that body produces antibodies to foreign materials such as food, plant pollens, or medications
Ischemia
A condition in which the blood supply has been severely reduced to a tissue
Hypoxia
A loss of oxygen
Metabolism
The physical and chemical processes by which the body converts food into energy and new body tissues
Enzymes
Substances produced by cells to accelerate or promote a biochemical reaction
Hormones
Regulating substances produced by various endocrine glands, and transported by the blood to targeted organs to initiate a specific reaction or effect
Hyperthyroidism
The disease complex caused by excessive secretion of thyroid hormone
Cushing’s Disease
The disease complex caused by excessive secretion of the adrenal hormone cortisol
Diabetes Mellitus
A metabolic disorder resulting from insufficient or absent insulin production from the pancreas
Insulin
A hormone of the body that regulates blood sugar metabolism
Congenital
Refers to any disease process or effect that is present from birth
Genetic
Refers to a trait that is inherited from either or both parents
Degenerative
Refers to any process in which the structure or function of body tissues gradually deteriorates
Neoplasm
A new growth of different or abnormal tissue, such as a tumor or wart