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COA Vocabulary > Chapter 7: Microorganisms and Infection Control > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Microorganisms and Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

Microorganisms

A

An extremely small life form, only able to be seen with a microscope

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2
Q

Infection

A

The invasion and multiplication of harmful microbes with the body’s tissues

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3
Q

Types of Microorganisms

A

1) Bacteria
2) Viruses
3) Fungi
4) Protozoa
5) Prions

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4
Q

Bacteria

A

Single-celled microorganisms, widely dispersed in nature
Most are harmless, and some are capable of causing disease

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5
Q

Gram Staining

A

The procedure for identifying bacteria and certain other microbes according to their reaction to the dye
Either Gram Positive (stains blue/purple) or Gram Negative (stains pink/red

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6
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

A Gram positive bacteria, frequently cause blepharitis, conjunctivitis and keratitis

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7
Q

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

A

A S. aureus bacteria that is resistant to most antibiotics

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8
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

A Gram negative bacteria, often seen with over use of contact lenses. Can result with permanent vision loss within 48 hours.

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9
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

A Gram negative bacteria that is typically transmitted through sexual activity or exposure through birth

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10
Q

Mycobacteria

A

A bacteria capable of intracellular growth, was once common with LASIK surgery

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11
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

A bacteria responsible for neonatal conjunctivitis, inclusion conjunctivitis, trachoma

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12
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

The bacteria responsible for Syphilis

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13
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

A

The bacteria responsible for Lyme Disease

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14
Q

Virus

A

A microorganism smaller than the smallest bacterium that has no cellular structure and can cause infectious disease
Many viruses have a finite, definitive course that they run.
Treatment is aimed at alleviating symptoms

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15
Q

Herpes Virus

A

A family of viruses

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16
Q

Herpes Simplex virus Type 1

A

A herpes virus that causes recurrent fever blisters on the lips and mouth, and can cause keratitis

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17
Q

Herpes Simplex virus Type 2

A

A Herpes virus that causes fever blisters on the genitals and is spread through sexual contact

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18
Q

Varicella-zoster virus

A

A herpes virus that produces chicken pox, shingles, and herpes zoster ophthalmicus

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19
Q

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus

A

A condition in which the varicella zoster virus that can cause painful blistering rash that involves the forehead, eyelids, uveitis, corneal inflammation, and more

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20
Q

CMV Retinitis

A

An ocular infection due to Cytomegalovirus, common in HIV patients

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21
Q

Cytomegalovirus

A

A member of the herpes virus family that can cause CMV retinitis

22
Q

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

A

A retrovirus that causes AIDS, a disorder of the immune system that increases the patient’s susceptibility to infections

23
Q

Adenovirus

A

A family of viruses involved primarily in respiratory infections, but can also cause highly contagious conjunctivitis (Viral Pink Eye)

24
Q

Fungus

A

A multi-celled microorganism that differs from bacterium in that it has a more complex structure
Includes yeast and mold
Ocular infections are typically due to trauma with vegetative matter

25
Q

Yeast

A

A form of fungus that produces creamy or pasty colonies

26
Q

Mold

A

Aa form of fungus that produces wooly, fluffy, or powdery growth

27
Q

Candida albicans

A

A type of fungus (yeast) commonly found on the body that can cause opportunistic infections

28
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum

A

A type of fungus (mold) that is commonly found in soil and in animal droppings in certain areas of the US. Capable of causing mild to life-threatening infections

29
Q

Protozoans

A

A large, single-celled microbe found in fresh and salt water, soil, plants, insects, and animals

30
Q

Acanthamoeba

A

A free-living amoeba, commonly found in water.
Can cause keratitis, and is most commonly seen in contact lens wearers with poor hygiene habits

31
Q

Toxosplasma gondii

A

A Protozoan responsible for Toxoplasmosis infections

32
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

A infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which can cause lesions in the retina and brain

33
Q

Prions

A

Extremely small pathologic protein elements responsible for brain disorders that occur in certain animals
EX: Mad Cow Disease or Laughing Disease

34
Q

Transmission of Infectious Disease

A

1) Airborne
2) Direct contact with contaminated individual
3) Indirect contact
4) Common-vehicle Transmission
5) Vector borne

35
Q

Reservoir

A

An inanimate or animate object that provides a microorganism the means for survival and opportunity for transmission

36
Q

Host

A

The animal or plant from which a microbe gains nutrients and the conditions necessary for its survival and reproduction

37
Q

Airborne Transmission

A

The transfer of microbes through a water droplets that have been produced through someone sneezing or coughing

38
Q

Direct-Contact Transmission

A

The form of infection transmission between people usually requiring body contact, or contact with blood/body fluids
EX: Hand shaking

39
Q

Indirect-Contact Transmission

A

The form of infection transmission involving an intermediate, inanimate object
EX: Touching an infected doorknob

40
Q

Common-Vehicle Transmission

A

The form of infection transmission involving the transfer of infectious microbes from one reservoir to many people
EX: Using an eyedrop bottle that has been contaminated on many people

41
Q

Vector-Borne Transmission

A

The form of infection transmission involving the transfer of infectious microbes from a vector (organism) to another host
EX: Rabies

42
Q

Infection Control Precautions

A

A series of protocols designed to prevent the spread of infection

43
Q

Universal Precautions

A

An approach to infection control in which all human blood and certain human bodily fluids are treated as if known to be infectious for HIV virus, Hep B virus, or other blood borne pathogens. This approach is based on the concept that a medical history and examination cannot reliably identify all patients infected (or potentially infected) with a blood borne pathogen, so care of all patients should include these precautions.
EX: Hand washing, gloves, masks and goggles

44
Q

Standard Precautions

A

A program of sanitation and microbial control in the medical office, intended to reduce the opportunity for harmful microbes to flourish and threaten patients and medical personnel.
Includes universal precautions and body substance isolation precautions.

45
Q

Disinfection

A

The process of inactivating or eliminating pathogenic microorganisms

46
Q

Germicide

A

A chemical that kills germs

47
Q

Steriliation

A

A process that utilizes heat or chemicals to destroy all living or dormant microorganisms

48
Q

Sterilization Methods

A

Dry heat, Moist heat, and Ethylene Oxide

49
Q

Autoclave

A

A metal chamber equipped to use steam of gas under high pressure and temperature to destroy microorganisms

50
Q

Aseptic Technique

A

A range of procedures used in medical environments to prevent the spread of infectious microbes

51
Q

Empiric Treatment

A

The institution of medical treatment based on probable cause, before test results or time-consuming procedures confirm a diagnosis
Any samples or specimens should be collected before beginning treatment, so as not to interfere with test results.

COA Vocabulary (17 decks)

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