Chapter 9: Nutrition

Question 1

Which of the following nutrition topics is within the scope of practice for a CPT?

Answer 1

General guidance on the importance of nutrition for health and performance

Question 2

Which of the following nutrition professionals is nationally recognized by the Commission on Dietetic Registration to provide clinical, community, food service, and nutritional education?

Answer 2

Registered Dietitian Nutritionist

Question 3

What is credible nutrition information?

Answer 3

Nutrition information that is rooted in and supported by science

Question 4

You read an article in a popular magazine explaining the weight-loss benefits of including a specific nutrient in your diet. What should you consider in deciding if this is credible nutrition information?

Answer 4

Check if the information is supported by research, and have other qualified individuals reviewed it.

Question 5

What are the three macronutrients?

Answer 5

Protein, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Question 6

How many calories are in 1 gram of protein?

Answer 6

4

Question 7

What are the three micronutrients?

Answer 7

Vitamins, Minerals, and Phytonutrients

Question 8

Along with muscle protein synthesis, which of the following is an important function of protein?

Answer 8

Synthesis of hormones

Question 9

What answer best describes the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 9

Essential and nonessential amino acids

Question 10

What is the best definition of complex carbohydrates?

Answer 10

Carbohydrates that are compromised of polysaccharides and that contain both fiber and starch

Question 11

What best describes an essential amino acid?

Answer 11

An amino acid that must be obtained via diet, as it is not produced by the body

Question 12

Which of the following is the best example of a complete protein source?

Answer 12

Dairy Foods

Question 13

What is the RDA for protein?

Answer 13

0.8 g/kg of body weight

Question 14

Current sports nutrition guidelines from the Internation Society of Sports Nutrition recommended what range of protein for most exercising individuals?

Answer 14

1.4 to 2.0 g/kg of body weight

Question 15

What statement best describes the category of simple sugars?

Answer 15

Single- or double-molecule sugars that are easily absorbed by the body

Question 16

During short, high-intensity exercise, what is the primary fuel source for the body?

Answer 16

Carbohydrates

Question 17

You are working with a new client who recently started a low-carb diet for weight loss. However, she complains of being tired and lacking energy for her training sessions. What might be the reason for her low energy?

Answer 17

Inadequate carb intake

Question 18

A client reports that he was recently told by his doctor that he has high blood sugar and that he should try to reduce it through dietary changes before considering medication. He asks you for advice. What would be the most appropriate course of action?

Answer 18

Explain that medical nutrition therapy is outside your scope of practice, then refer him to a registered dietitian for nutrition counseling.

Question 19

What are the three categories within the lipid family?

Answer 19

Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Question 20

Which type of lipids are considered to be heart-healthy and associated with reduced inflammation?

Answer 20

Omega-3 fatty acids

Question 21

What is the optimal amount of protein per meal for muscle protein synthesis?

Answer 21

20-40g

Question 22

A client reports that he is following a limited diet of chicken and rice every day to avoid eating extra calories from other foods to lose weight. What would be an appropriate response within your scope of practice as a fitness professional?

Answer 22

A varied diet of whole foods provides important micronutrients, and this limited diet may be lacking adequate amounts of them.

Question 23

During a training session, a client remarks that he is “cutting out all carbs” from his diet and just eating protein and vegetables to lose weight. How might you best respond to this, while staying within your scope of practice as a fitness professional?

Answer 23

Carbs are an important source of fuel for our body, and it is unnecessary to avoid them for weight loss. Cutting carbs may lead to inadequate fuel for optimal training, which can compromise weight-loss efforts.

Question 24

Which of the following would be a credible source of nutrition information?

Answer 24

The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

Question 25

Which food would be classified as a high-biological value protein source?

Answer 25

Whole eggs

Question 26

What types of foods provide all the essential amino acids?

Answer 26

Animal proteins

Question 27

Approximately what percentage of the human body (in male and female adults) is compromised of water?

Answer 27

60%

Question 28

You hear a client remark that she does not want to include any fat in her diet because she wants to avoid gaining weight. How might you respond, while staying within your scope of practice?

Answer 28

Some fats are essential and required in the diet for important physiological processes. Avoiding all fats might lead to deficiencies.

Question 29

What is the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) for carbohydrates in the diet?

Answer 29

45-65%

Question 30

Which part of a food label would help a client review the ingredients in a food product?

Answer 30

The ingredients list

Question 31

Which feature of a food label would enable a client to assess the nutrient composition of a food product?

Answer 31

The nutrition fact panel

Question 32

What is glycogen?

Answer 32

The storage form of carbohydrate in animals and humans

Question 33

What types of foods contain carbohydrates?

Answer 33

Plant foods and dairy

Question 34

Carbohydrate intake before intense or long-duration exercise serves which of the following functions?

Answer 34

It replenishes glycogen stores and provides adequate fuel for performance.

Question 35

What is the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) for fat in the diet?

Answer 35

20 to 35% of total calories

Question 36

Which of the following best describes the role of micronutrients in the body?

Answer 36

They regulate various metabolic processes including energy metabolism.

Question 37

Which of the following vitamins or groups of vitamins plays a key role in energy metabolism?

Answer 37

B Vitamins

Question 38

Inadequate hydration and mild dehydration can have several negative effects on athletic performance, including which of the following?

Answer 38

Decreased blood flow

Question 39

Which of the following hydration options would be most appropriate for exercise lasting over 90 minutes, or shorter-duration exercise in warm temperatures with heavy perspiration?

Answer 39

Sports drink or electrolyte tablets mixed with water

Question 40

Apart from energy intake and physical activity, which of the following factors also influence weight management?

Answer 40

Hormones and medications

Question 41

A client who is training with you to improve his body composition states that he only sleeps 4 or 5 hours a night because he thinks that any more is a waste of time. How might you respond to him given his body composition goals?

Answer 41

Explain that adequate sleep is important in regulating hunger and satiety hormones and that chronic sleep deprivation is detrimental to weight management.

Question 42

What is adaptive thermogenesis?

Answer 42

Metabolic adaptations and changes in energy expenditure due to changes in energy intake

Question 43

Which of the following would be a helpful and sustainable strategy for achieving a moderate calorie deficit for fat loss?

Answer 43

Replacing high-calorie foods with leaner substitutes

Question 44

Which of the following would be the recommended source of hydration after 40 to 45 minutes of exercise with minimal perspiration?

Answer 44

Water

Question 45

Which of the macronutrients has the highest thermic effect of food (TEF)?

Answer 45

Protein

Question 46

According to current research, what is the optimal range of daily protein intake to maximize muscle protein synthesis?

Answer 46

1.6 to 2.2 g/kg of body weight

Question 47

How much fluid is recommended for rehydration after an intense training session or event?

Answer 47

1.25 times the amount of body weight lost during the activity

Question 48

Which of the following foods is the most likely to be a good source of omega-3 fatty acids?

Answer 48

Salmon

Question 49

A client asks you to provide her with a meal plan specifying how many calories and grams of protein, carbs, and fat she should eat for weight loss. What is the best way to respond to her request to stay within your scope of practice?

Answer 49

Explain that providing specific nutrient recommendations is outside of your scope of practice, and then refer the client to a registered dietitian or licensed nutritionist for nutrition counseling.

Question 50

A client asks you how she could lose fat as quickly as possible for a beach vacation next weekend. Which of the following is the best way to respond to her question?

Answer 50

Explain that fat loss takes time and is best achieved with a moderate calorie deficit sustained over some time. Rapid weight loss usually results in loss of water weight and lean muscle mass, and it’s not advisable.