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NASM > Chapter 5: The Nervous, Muscular, Skeletal systems > Flashcards

Chapter 5: The Nervous, Muscular, Skeletal systems Flashcards

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1
Q

Human Movement is accomplished through the functional integration of three systems within the human body: the nervous system, the skeletal system, and what other system?

A

Muscular

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2
Q

What is the concept that describes the human body as a chain of interdependent links that work together to perform movement?

A

Kinetic Chain

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3
Q

Calcium is often associated with bone health, but why is it also important for muscular function?

A

It stimulates actin and myosin activity.

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4
Q

What best describes the all or nothing principle?

A

A motor unit will either contract maximally or not at all.

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5
Q

What is the name of the specialized cell that is the functional unit of the nervous system?

A

Neuron

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6
Q

Which type of muscle fiber has a large number of capillaries?

A

Type 1

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7
Q

Which part of a cell is responsible for using nutrients to create energy for the cell?

A

Mitochondria

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8
Q

One of the two interdependent divisions of the nervous system is the central nervous system. What is the second division?

A

Peripheral nervous system

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9
Q

What are the two components of the central nervous system?

A

The brain and spinal cord

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10
Q

What is the primary purpose of the peripheral nervous system?

A

To connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body

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11
Q

Which system supplies neural input to organs that run the involuntary processes of the body?

A

Autonomic nervous system

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12
Q

When a client’s heart rate is raised during cardio activities, this is being caused by which system?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

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13
Q

Which system puts the body into a relaxed state, termed rest and digest?

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

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14
Q

When a gymnast balances on a beam, they are aware of their body’s general orientation and the relative position of its parts. This is due to which key sensory function?

A

Proprioception

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15
Q

A person walks differently when they move from a sidewalk onto the sand. This is regulated by what function?

A

Motor function

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16
Q

Which mechanoreceptor is sensitive to changes in muscular tension and rate of tension change, causing the muscle to relax, which prevents muscle from excessive stress and possible injury?

A

Golgi tendon organs

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17
Q

At what age is the adolescent brain considered to be fully developed?

A

25

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18
Q

Humans can learn new things at any stage of life, duo to which process that causes the brain to reform neural pathways?

A

Nueroplasticity

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19
Q

Which type of muscle fiber is predominantly used during movements that require high levels of force and power, such as a sprint?

A

Type 2

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20
Q

What is explained by the sliding filament theory?

A

The shortening of a sarcomere to produce a muscle contraction

21
Q

What are the two divisions of the skeletal system?

A

Axial and appendicular

22
Q

Which division of the skeleton is made up of the arms, legs, and pelvic girdle?

A

Appendicular

23
Q

What is the process by which bone is constantly renewed?

A

Remodeling

24
Q

Weight-bearing exercise helps strengthen bones through what process?

A

Remodeling

25
Q

What are two components of a sarcomere?

A

Actin and myosin

26
Q

What is a characteristic of a type 2 muscle fiber?

A

Short-term contractions

27
Q

What is the bone type of the clavicle, radius, and ulna?

A

Long

28
Q

What is a characteristic of a type 1 muscle fiber?

A

Less force production

29
Q

What are the two categories of bone markings?

A

Depressions and processes

30
Q

What is the function of the neuromuscular junction?

A

The site where the nervous system and muscle fibers communicate

31
Q

What is the name for projections protruding from the bone to which tendons and ligaments attach?

A

Processes

32
Q

Which of the following protein structures is important for muscular contractions by providing a binding site?

A

Troponin

33
Q

What is the correct order of segments for the spine, starting at the top?

A

Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar

34
Q

What is the purpose of the intervertebral discs?

A

They act as shock absorbers.

35
Q

What term describes the movement of bones, such as flexion and extension?

A
36
Q

What is the functional unit of a muscle cell?

A

A sarcomere

37
Q

Which types of joints are most associated with human movement?

A

Synovial

38
Q

Which type of joint has the simplest movement, moving either back and forth or side to side?

A

Noaxial

39
Q

Which type of joint is the most mobile, able to move in all three directions?

A

Ball and socket

40
Q

Which type of joint includes the sutures of the skull?

A

Nonsynovial

41
Q

What is the fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone?

A

Ligament

42
Q

At what age is total peak bone mass reached?

A

30

43
Q

What are the three types of muscles in the body?

A

Skeletal, Cardiac, and smooth.

44
Q

What surrounds the skeletal muscles and connects them to other surrounding muscles?

A

Fascia

45
Q

What is the correct order of fascia, starting with the most superficial?

A

Epimysium, Perimysium, Endomysium

46
Q

What is it called when a ligament is overstretched or torn?

A

A Sprain

47
Q

What is the term for the chemical messengers that cross the synapse between the neuron and muscle and assist with nerve transmission?

A

Neurotransmitters

48
Q

Which characteristic is exhibited by type 1 muscle fibers?

A

Slow to fatigue

49
Q

What activity is especially beneficial for combating the loss of muscle mass, power, and strength for aging adults?

A

Resistance Training

NASM (13 decks)

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