Chapter 7: Human Movement Science

Question 1

Movement represents the integrated functioning of which three main body systems?

Answer 1

Muscular, Nervous, and skeletal.

Question 2

What term is used to describe the concept of how th functioning of one body segment can impact other areas of the body?

Answer 2

Regional Interdependence

Question 3

What anatomical term is used to describe something that is relatively closer to the midline of the body?

Answer 3

Medial

Question 4

What is the anatomical term that describes something positioned above an identified reference point?

Answer 4

Superior

Question 5

What is the anatomical term that describes something positioned on the opposite side of the body?

Answer 5

Contralateral

Question 6

Which plane of movement can be described as an imaginary line that bisects the body into right and left sides?

Answer 6

Sagittal

Question 7

In what plane of movement do shoulder horizontal adduction and abduction occur?

Answer 7

Transverse

Question 8

Movements that take place within a joint and are not visible to the human eye may be classified in what way?

Answer 8

Arthrokinematic

Question 9

Pronation of the foot describes what multiplanar movements?

Answer 9

Eversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle abduction

Question 10

What movement term is used to describe to concept of adducting the shoulder blades so that they become closer together?

Answer 10

Scapular retraction

Question 11

What term is used to describe muscle tension that is created without change in muscle length and no visible movement of the joint?

Answer 11

Isometric

Question 12

How is an isokinetic muscle contraction best described?

Answer 12

A contraction that occurs when the speed of movement is fixed and the resistance varies with the force exerted

Question 13

How is an eccentric muscle action be described?

Answer 13

The development of muscle tension during lengthening of the contractile tissue

Question 14

In order to optimally load muscle during the eccentric phase, fitness professional should recommend which of the following?

Answer 14

Lower the weight more slowly to increase time under tension

Question 15

What type of muscle action would expend the highest amount of energy at a fixed resistance level over a comparable duration?

Answer 15

Concentric

Question 16

During a squat, the lowering phase would be described as what type of muscle action?

Answer 16

Eccentric

Question 17

During a squat, which muscle group isometrically contracts to prevent unnecessary thigh movement in the frontal place?

Answer 17

Hip abductors

Question 18

Which of the following benefits may occur as a result of exercises that comprise of only eccentric muscle actions that are appropriately loaded?

Answer 18

Increased anabolic hormone stimulation

Question 19

Which of the following muscle groups work eccentrically in the sagittal plane during the lowering phase of the squat?

Answer 19

Quadriceps

Question 20

Which type of exercise accommodates effort whereby the harder the individual pushes or pulls, the more resistance they feel, despite the movement speed remaining constant?

Answer 20

Isokinetic

Question 21

Which of the following muscle groups work both eccentrically and concentrically in the sagittal plane during a squat?

Answer 21

Quadriceps

Question 22

Which of the following muscles is primarily targeted when performing a bicep curl exercise with the thumb up?

Answer 22

Brachioradialis

Question 23

Which of the following solutions would allow an individual to achieve a greater depth during the lowering phase of the squat if ankle stiffness is the cause?

Answer 23

Place a small board under the heels

Question 24

Which concept should be used to describe the functioning of the serrates anterior as it assists the anterior deltoid during shoulder flexion?

Answer 24

Syngergist

Question 25

Which of the following examples describes a muscle that is functioning as an antagonist?

Answer 25

The biceps brachii being active during elbow extension

Question 26

What is the concept used to describe the action of muscle that have the ability to contract automatically in anticipation of movement?

Answer 26

Feed-forward

Question 27

What is the scientific term that describes the nervous system’s role in the contract/relax relationship between agonists and antagonists?

Answer 27

Reciprocal inhibition

Question 28

What scientific term is used to describe the concept whereby a loaded eccentric contraction prepares the muscles for a rapid concentric contraction?

Answer 28

Stretch-shortening cycle

Question 29

Stored energy from an efficiently functioning stretch-shortening cycle is released during which muscle action?

Answer 29

Concentric

Question 30

How should the amortization phase of the stretch-shortening cycle be described?

Answer 30

The transition from eccentric loading to concentric unloading

Question 31

Improved performance during a plyometric jump is dependent upon which of the following?

Answer 31

Rapid amortization phase

Question 32

Which of the following effects may occur if the amortization phase of plyometric exercise is prolonged?

Answer 32

Stored energy will dissipate, and the unloading phase will be less powerful.

Question 33

Which of the following statements would be accurate with regard to muscle force and velocity during a concentric contraction?

Answer 33

As the velocity of the muscle action increases, its ability to produce force decreases.

Question 34

Which of the following statements would be accurate with regard to muscle force and velocity during an eccentric muscle action?

Answer 34

As the contraction velocity increases the ability to develop force also increases.

Question 35

Which of the following force couples is accurately linked to the movement created by their combined action?

Answer 35

Internal and eternal obliques functioning to create trunk rotation

Question 36

The upper trapezius works with what muscle as a force couple to create upward rotation of the scapula?

Answer 36

Serratus anterior

Question 37

Which muscle functions in a feed-forward mechanism in anticipation of limb movements?

Answer 37

Multifidus

Question 38

Which muscle functions as part of the global muscular system?

Answer 38

Erector spinae

Question 39

Overactive hip flexors may lead to which of the following postural compensations?

Answer 39

Anterior tilting of the pelvis and an increased low-back arch

Question 40

The deep longitudinal subsystem includes which of the following muscle groups?

Answer 40

Hamstrings and erector spinae

Question 41

The posterior oblique system includes which of the following muscle groups?

Answer 41

Thoracolumbar fascia and contralateral gluteus Maximus

Question 42

The anterior oblique subsystem includes which of the following muscle groups?

Answer 42

Adductor (inner) thigh muscles, obliques, and hip external rotators

Question 43

Which subsystem is responsible for providing both frontal plane mobility and stabilization of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex?

Answer 43

Lateral subsystem

Question 44

During normal walking, the pelvis rotates in what plane to facilitate the necessary momentum for the swing phase?

Answer 44

Transverse

Question 45

What type of lever could be described as having a fulcrum in the middle like a seesaw?

Answer 45

First class

Question 46

Performing a bicep curl with a dumbbell in the hand is a example of which type of lever?

Answer 46

Third class

Question 47

What measurement is dependent upon the length of the lever arm and the angle between the force application and the lever arm?

Answer 47

Torque

Question 48

What is the most accurate description of motor control?

Answer 48

The ability to initiate and correct purposeful controlled movements

Question 49

What type of input may provide a runner with a cue to contract the Everton muscles to avoid an inversion injury?

Answer 49

Proprioception

Question 50

What is a key mechanism involved in internal feedback?

Answer 50

Proprioception