Chapter 6: The Cardiorespiratory, Endocrine, and Digestive System

Question 1

Which system is comprised of the airways and lungs?

Answer 1

Respiratory

Question 2

The cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together to provide the body with what gas?

Answer 2

Oxygen

Question 3

The cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together to remove what waste product?

Answer 3

Carbon Dioxide

Question 4

What area of the chest contains the heart?

Answer 4

Mediastinum

Question 5

What is the primary muscle type of the heart?

Answer 5

Cardiac

Question 6

Which heart chamber gathers deoxygenated blood returning to the heart from the superior and inferior vena cava veins?

Answer 6

Right Atrium

Question 7

Which heart chamber gathers oxygenated blood coming to the heart from the lungs?

Answer 7

Left Atrium

Question 8

Which heart chamber receives deoxygenated blood and pumps it to the lungs?

Answer 8

Right Ventricle

Question 9

Which heart chamber receives oxygenated blood and pumps it to the body?

Answer 9

Left Ventricle

Question 10

What would be considered a normal resting heart rate for a healthy sedentary person?

Answer 10

80 beats per minute

Question 11

What is cardiac output?

Answer 11

The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute

Question 12

What is stroke volume?

Answer 12

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction

Question 13

What is end-diastolic volume?

Answer 13

The amount of blood in the ventricle before contraction

Question 14

What is end-systolic volume?

Answer 14

The amount of blood remaining in the ventricle after contraction

Question 15

The difference between the end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes is referred to as what?

Answer 15

Stroke Volume

Question 16

Where in the heart is the sinoatrial node located?

Answer 16

Right Atrium

Question 17

What structure in the heart transfers the electrical signal from the sinoatrial (SA) node to the atrioventricular (AV) node?

Answer 17

Internal pathway

Question 18

What anatomical heart structure is referred to as “the pacemaker of the heart”?

Answer 18

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 19

What changes would lead to an increase in cardiac output during exercise?

Answer 19

Increased heart rate and stoke volume

Question 20

What mechanism is responsible for increasing the rate of heart conduction?

Answer 20

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 21

Which component of the blood is primarily responsible for clotting mechanisms?

Answer 21

Platelets

Question 22

Which component of blood is primarily responsible for transporting oxygenated blood throughout the body?

Answer 22

Red Blood Cells

Question 23

What type of vessel is responsible for carrying blood back to the heart?

Answer 23

Veins

Question 24

What term is used to describe the premise that increased ventricular filling improves contractile force of the heart as a result of greater stretch of cardiac fibers?

Answer 24

Frank Starling Law of the Heart

Question 25

What blood pressure values would be classifies as normal according to the American Heart Association?

Answer 25

Systolic < 120 and Diastolic < 80

Question 26

What muscle is responsible for normal resting state (quite) breathing?

Answer 26

Diaphragm

Question 27

The process of diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases in and out of the bloodstream occurs in what structures?

Answer 27

Alveolar sacs

Question 28

What component of breathing improves blood flow back to the heart?

Answer 28

Inspiration with a decrease in a intrathoracic pressure

Question 29

What is a normal respiratory rate for an adult during rest?

Answer 29

15 breaths per minute

Question 30

Describe the pathway for hormones secreted by the endocrine system

Answer 30

The gland secretes the hormone, which travels through the bloodstream to reach a target cell, where it builds to a receptor and influences a particular action.

Question 31

Which endocrine gland serves as a communication channel between the brain and pituitary gland?

Answer 31

Hypothalamus

Question 32

What hormone has an anabolic function and has been shown to increase up to 48 hours following resistance training?

Answer 32

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)

Question 33

What hormone, if increased at baseline, may be indicative of overtraining?

Answer 33

Cortisol

Question 34

What type of training would most likely lead to increased levels of testosterone, insulin-like growth factors, and growth hormone?

Answer 34

Overload training that is of a high intensity with limited rest periods

Question 35

What effect would sleep deprivation have on growth hormone and cortisol levels?

Answer 35

Inadequate sleep will decrease growth hormone and increase cortisol levels.

Question 36

Catecholamines are responsible for what action?

Answer 36

Increased lipolysis

Question 37

How would age and overall health affect testosterone levels among men?

Answer 37

A reduction in testosterone levels occurs with age, and overall health may affect the degree of change.

Question 38

What process describes the passage of digested food into the blood system to be processed for energy, nutrients, and tissue building?

Answer 38

Absorption

Question 39

Food in the stomach is processed and then passed into what anatomical structure?

Answer 39

Duodenum of the small intestine

Question 40

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

Answer 40

Absorption of nutrients, water and passage of waste into the rectum

Question 41

Where in the digestive system are most fluids absorbed?

Answer 41

Small intestine

Question 42

What are two ways to best improve the timely passage of food through the intestinal tracts and prevent constipation?

Answer 42

Ensure adequate water intake, and engage in an exercise program that is inclusive of both aerobic and resistance training

Question 43

How can basal metabolic rate (BMR) best be defined?

Answer 43

The amount of energy required to maintain the body at rest