Chapter 9: Nutrigemonics and Cancer

Question 1

What is the best definition of Nutritional Genomics?

Answer 1

The scientific investigation of interactions between nutrients, bioactive food components and the genome as they impact host health and disease

Question 2

What food was best shown to reduce the risk of lung cancer in smokers as an example of gene polymorphisms interacting with diet affecting the risk of cancer?

Answer 2

Broccoli and brussel sprouts - consumption of rich cruciferous vegetables reduced lung cancer risk

Question 3

An example of nutrigenomics showing the slowing progression of cancer cells in Her2 Breast CA is by increasing consumption of what food?

Answer 3

Salmon and Flax Seed - diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids slowed the progression of Her2 Breast CA

Question 4

Name 3 examples of nutriegenomics preventing/slowing the progression of human carcinogenesis

Answer 4

All-trans retinoic acid
Omega-3 Fatty acids
Isothiocyanate

Question 5

This gene serves as the “guardian of the genome” and its function is critical for normal cell senescence and programed cell death

Answer 5

TP53

Question 6

What is the complex evolutionary progress in which accumulating genetic and epigenetic alterations drive the transformation or normal cells to malignant cancer cells with increasing dysfunctional behavior?

Answer 6

Carcinogenesis

Question 7

A group of gene variants that occur together is called what?

Answer 7

Haplotype

Question 8

Examples of modifiable risk factors that can contribute to colorectal CA can include:

Answer 8

Intake of red meat, alcohol, and processed meat

Question 9

What are the chemicals found in an organism, but not produced by it, such as drugs or pollutants?

Answer 9

Xenobiotics (or SNPs)

Question 10

AICR recommends consuming ____ portions of non-starchy vegetables and fruit daily for cancer prevention and survivorship

Answer 10

5 or more

Question 11

What are reliable resources for cancer prevention and survivorship?

Answer 11

ACS
National Comprehensive Cancer Network
WHO
AICR

**NOT Dr. Oz! :)

Question 12

What are the substances in food that are not essential nutrients though have biological effects?

Answer 12

Bioactive food components

Question 13

What are two ways in which diet impacts epigenetics?

Answer 13

Host somatic cell mitosis

germ cell transgenerational inheritance

Question 14

True or False: At this time, it is possible to use nutritional genomics to prevent, delay or halt carcinogenesis

Answer 14

False – that’s the goal, but we’re not there yet

Question 15

Examples of applied nutritional genomics in non-cancer conditions include:

Answer 15

PKU
Galactosemia
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
Lactose Intolerance

Question 16

Critical hallmarks of possible all cancerous cells, as defined by Hanahan and Weinburg, include:

Answer 16

Evading Apoptosis and insensitivity to anti-growth signals

Question 17

A landmark study from Sweden in the 1980s revealed:

Answer 17

periods of abundant food led to increased mortality

certain environmental exposures, including nutrition, led to germ line epigenetic alterations that may persist for generations

Question 18

Examples of bioactive food components are:

Answer 18

Probiotics, fruits and vegetables, and wild fish