Chapter 1: Cancer & Nutrition-Significance & Background Flashcards
5 most common types of cancer in the US for men
Prostate Lung Colorectal Urinary Bladder Melanoma
What fraction of cancer deaths are related to obesity, physical activity and poor nutrition?
1/3
Which 2 nutrients play a role in DNA repair?
Selenium and Folate
T or F: TNM Classification for tumor staging refers to — Tumor Nodes Mass
False
“Apoptosis” refers to
Programmed Cell Death - “a programmed sequence of events leads to the elimination of cells”
One of the most widely used tumor staging tools is known as:
TNM - The Tumor, lymph Nodes, and Metastasis classification system
Grade G2 is associated with what type of differentiation?
Intermediate Grade
T of F: A palpable tumor can still be classified as T1 Disease?
False - T1 is defined as “not palpable or visible by imaging”
73 year old male diagnosed with T3N2Mx Squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx. Summarize the primary tumor via the TNM system
Tumor extends to the neighboring tissue
Food components such as Curcumin may play a role in carcinogenesis by inducing apoptosis and by inhibiting angiogenesis. What food product should be recommended to increase intake of Curcumin?
Tumeric
There is evidence that nutrients may play a protective role in carcinogenesis. What nutrient can be both protective of carcinogenesis and alternatively accelerate cancer cell proliferation, depending on the stage of carcinogenesis the cell is in?
Folate - adequate folate has been shown to be associated with lower cancer risk however, once carcinogenesis has begun folate can accelerate it
Which nutrient in the form of calcium leucovorin may be used to “rescue” patients from methotrexate toxicity or alternatively enhance the effectiveness of drugs such as 5-fluorouracil?
Folate
A new oncology fellow asks you how you can help a cancer patient using nutrition. You tell her that nutrition intervention during cancer treatment is associated with:
Fewer side effects, fewer hospitalizations, and better quality of life
The cause of most cancers can be attributed to?
Internal factors - like hormones and immune system
External factors - like infection, environmental toxins, and behaviors like smoking, sunlight exposure and unhealthy diet
A 55 year old woman diagnosed with cancer. What nutrition issue may she encounter in the early post-treatment time?
What long term side effects might effect her cancer survivorship?
Early post-treatment: Fatigue, Endocrine disorders, and Cognitive deficits
Long term post treatment: Weight Changes, cognitive deficits, and endocrine disorders