Chapter 5: Energetics, Exercise, and Cancer Flashcards
Per ACS guidelines, if a cancer patient wants to lose weight during treatment its okay to lose up to how many pounds/week with a healthy diet/exercise (if the Oncologist agrees)?
up to 2 lbs/week
What type of exercise has been shown to combat and reduce lymphedema in breast CA survivors?
Aerobic and resistance training
Alterations in insulin pathways have been implicated in the development of what 2 type of CAs?
Prostate and Colon
Barriers to exercise can include:
Age, Economic status, and chemotherapy
What is the American College of Sports Medicine’s physical activity recommendations for cancer survivors?
Aerobic activity - moderate intensity for 150 min/week or vigorous intensity for 75 min/week
Weight resistance training utilizing all muscle groups twice weekly
Obesity (particularly abd obesity) increases the risk of what type of cancers?
Breast Cervical Colorectal Endometrial Esophageal (adenocarcinoma) Gallbladder Pancreatic Renal Thyroid
Several studies reflect poor outcomes related to treatment-related weight loss for what type of cancers?
Ovarian
Head and Neck
GI
Adipokines are hormones influenced by abioposity that may modulate carcinogenesis. What are some examples of Adipokines?
Adiponectin and Leptin
Men with a BMI over 30 have a ____ increased risk for dying of prostate cancer?
2.6 times increase
What were results of research on calorie restriction prior to chemotherapy in mice and older adults?
Why is it difficult to isolate the true impact of calorie restriction as an anti-cancer intervention?
2-3 days of fasting protected healthy cells in mice from cytotoxic drugs while cancer cells were left unprotected (this is referred to as differential stress resistance).
The older human patients had less reports of fatigue, weakness, and gastrointestinal issues. These potential beneficial effects are difficult to isolate given that healthy body weight and regular physical activity confer their own anti carcinogenic benefits.
The use of which medication is used to alter pathways similar to the effect of calorie restriction?
Metformin and Rapamycin
Which adipokine(s) has/have been implicated in tumorgenesis through its promotion of angiogenesis via increased VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) synthesis and expression of other growth factors?
Leptin
