Chapter 9 medical terms Flashcards
Ablation
term used to described some types of treatment of prostate cancer
Acute renal failure
(ARF) has sudden onset and is characterized by uremia. It can be fatal if not reversed promptly
Anuria
is the absence of urine formation by the kidneys
Benign Prostatic hyperplasia
(BPH) AKA enlarged prostate, is an enlargement of the prostate gland that most often occurs in men older than age 50
Chronic Kidney disease
(CKD) is the progressive loss of renal function over months or years. Can be life-threatening, may result from diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or a family history of kidney disease
Cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
Cystocele
AKA prolapsed bladder, is the hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall
Cystolith
is a stone located within the urinary bladder
Cystoscopy
is the visual examination of the urinary bladder with the use of a specialized type of endoscope
Dialysis
is a procedure to remove waste products, such as urea, creatinine, and excess water from the blood of a patient whose kidneys no longer function
Diuresis
is the increased output of urine
Dysuria
is difficult or painful urination
Ectopic kidney
is a congenital condition in which one kidney is located in an abnormal position or has fused with the other kidney
Edema
is excessive fluid accumulation in body tissues that can be symptomatic of nephrotic syndrome and other kidney diseases
End-Stage Renal Disease
(ESRD) also known as kidney failure, is the final stage of chronic kidney disease, and this condition is fatal unless the functions of the failed kidneys are replaced by dialysis, or with a successful kidney transplant
Epispadias
is a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening
Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
(ESWL) is the most common kidney stone treatment. High-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel are used to break the stone into fragments, which are then excreted in the urine
Glomerulonephritis
is a type of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that caused red blood cells and protein to leak into the urine
Hemodialysis
is the process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient’s blood
Hydronephrosis
is the dilation (swelling) of one or both kidneys
Hydroureter
is the distention (swelling)of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because of a ureteral obstruction
Hyperproteinuria
is the presence of abnormally high concentration of protein in the urine
Hypoproteinemia
is the presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood
Hypospadias
is a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening. (under or below)
Incontinence
is the inability to control the excretion of urine, feces, or both
Interstitial cystitis
is a chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder
Intravenous Pyelogram
(IVP) is a set of c-ray images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder using an intravenous contrast medium to clearly visualize the structures
Nephrolith
AKA kidney stone or renal calculus, is found in the kidney
Nephrolithiasis
describes the presence of stones in the kidney
Nephrolysis
is the surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions
Nephrons
are the microscopic functional units of each kidney. It is here that urine is produced through the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Nephropathy
means any disease of the kidney
Nephrostomy
is the placement of a catheter to maintain an opening from the pelvis of one or both kidneys to the exterior of the body
Nephrotic syndrome
also known as nephrosis, is a group of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost through the urine
Neurogenic bladder
is a urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination
Nocturia
frequent and excessive urination during the night
Nocturnal enuresis
is urinary incontinence during sleep AKA bed-wetting
Oliguria
scanty urination. Caused by dehydration, renal failure, or a urinary tract obstruction
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy
(PCNL) is the surgical removal of a nephrolith through a small incision in the back
Peritoneal dialysis
the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as a filter to remove waste from the blood
Polycystic kidney disease
(PKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys
Polyuria
means excessive urination and is a common symptom of diabetes
Prostatism
is a disorder resulting from the compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hyperplasia
Pyelonephritis
is an inflammation of both the renal pelvis and kidney
Pyelotomy
is a surgical incision into the renal pelvis
Renal Colic
is an acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passage of a nephrolith
Suprapubic Catheterization
is the placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone
Transurethral prostatectomy
is the removal of excess tissue from an enlarged prostate gland with the use of a resectoscope
Uremia
AKA uremic poisoning, is a toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney function is compromised and urea and other waste products normally secreted in the urine are retained in the blood
Ureterolith
is a stone located anywhere along the ureter
Ureterorrhagia
is the discharge of blood from the ureter
Urethritis
is an inflammation of the urethra
Urethroplasty
is the surgical repair of damage or a defect in the walls of the urethra
Urethrorrhagia
is bleeding from the urethra
Urethrostenosis
or urethral stricture, is narrowing of the urethra. This condition occurs almost exclusively in men and is caused by scarring from infection or injury
Urethrotomy
is a surgical incision into the urethra for relief of a stricture
Urinary Catheterization
AKA cathing, is the insertion of a flexible plastic tube called a catheter into the bladder to withdraw urine for diagnostic purposes, to allow urine to drain freely, or to place a fluid such as a chemotherapy solution
Vesicovaginal Fistula
is an abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina that allows constant involuntary flow of urine from the bladder into the vagina
Voiding cystourethrography
is a diagnostic procedure in which fluoroscopy is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra
Wilms tumor
AKA nephroblastoma, is a rare type of malignment tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children. There is a high cure rate for this condition when treated promptly
