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Medical terminology > Chapter 9 medical terms > Flashcards

Chapter 9 medical terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Ablation

A

term used to described some types of treatment of prostate cancer

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2
Q

Acute renal failure

A

(ARF) has sudden onset and is characterized by uremia. It can be fatal if not reversed promptly

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3
Q

Anuria

A

is the absence of urine formation by the kidneys

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4
Q

Benign Prostatic hyperplasia

A

(BPH) AKA enlarged prostate, is an enlargement of the prostate gland that most often occurs in men older than age 50

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5
Q

Chronic Kidney disease

A

(CKD) is the progressive loss of renal function over months or years. Can be life-threatening, may result from diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or a family history of kidney disease

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6
Q

Cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder

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7
Q

Cystocele

A

AKA prolapsed bladder, is the hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall

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8
Q

Cystolith

A

is a stone located within the urinary bladder

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9
Q

Cystoscopy

A

is the visual examination of the urinary bladder with the use of a specialized type of endoscope

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10
Q

Dialysis

A

is a procedure to remove waste products, such as urea, creatinine, and excess water from the blood of a patient whose kidneys no longer function

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11
Q

Diuresis

A

is the increased output of urine

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12
Q

Dysuria

A

is difficult or painful urination

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13
Q

Ectopic kidney

A

is a congenital condition in which one kidney is located in an abnormal position or has fused with the other kidney

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14
Q

Edema

A

is excessive fluid accumulation in body tissues that can be symptomatic of nephrotic syndrome and other kidney diseases

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15
Q

End-Stage Renal Disease

A

(ESRD) also known as kidney failure, is the final stage of chronic kidney disease, and this condition is fatal unless the functions of the failed kidneys are replaced by dialysis, or with a successful kidney transplant

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16
Q

Epispadias

A

is a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening

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17
Q

Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy

A

(ESWL) is the most common kidney stone treatment. High-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel are used to break the stone into fragments, which are then excreted in the urine

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18
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

is a type of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that caused red blood cells and protein to leak into the urine

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19
Q

Hemodialysis

A

is the process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient’s blood

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20
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

is the dilation (swelling) of one or both kidneys

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21
Q

Hydroureter

A

is the distention (swelling)of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because of a ureteral obstruction

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22
Q

Hyperproteinuria

A

is the presence of abnormally high concentration of protein in the urine

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23
Q

Hypoproteinemia

A

is the presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood

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24
Q

Hypospadias

A

is a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening. (under or below)

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25
Q

Incontinence

A

is the inability to control the excretion of urine, feces, or both

26
Q

Interstitial cystitis

A

is a chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder

27
Q

Intravenous Pyelogram

A

(IVP) is a set of c-ray images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder using an intravenous contrast medium to clearly visualize the structures

28
Q

Nephrolith

A

AKA kidney stone or renal calculus, is found in the kidney

29
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

describes the presence of stones in the kidney

30
Q

Nephrolysis

A

is the surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions

31
Q

Nephrons

A

are the microscopic functional units of each kidney. It is here that urine is produced through the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

32
Q

Nephropathy

A

means any disease of the kidney

33
Q

Nephrostomy

A

is the placement of a catheter to maintain an opening from the pelvis of one or both kidneys to the exterior of the body

34
Q

Nephrotic syndrome

A

also known as nephrosis, is a group of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost through the urine

35
Q

Neurogenic bladder

A

is a urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination

36
Q

Nocturia

A

frequent and excessive urination during the night

37
Q

Nocturnal enuresis

A

is urinary incontinence during sleep AKA bed-wetting

38
Q

Oliguria

A

scanty urination. Caused by dehydration, renal failure, or a urinary tract obstruction

39
Q

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

A

(PCNL) is the surgical removal of a nephrolith through a small incision in the back

40
Q

Peritoneal dialysis

A

the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as a filter to remove waste from the blood

41
Q

Polycystic kidney disease

A

(PKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys

42
Q

Polyuria

A

means excessive urination and is a common symptom of diabetes

43
Q

Prostatism

A

is a disorder resulting from the compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hyperplasia

44
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

is an inflammation of both the renal pelvis and kidney

45
Q

Pyelotomy

A

is a surgical incision into the renal pelvis

46
Q

Renal Colic

A

is an acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passage of a nephrolith

47
Q

Suprapubic Catheterization

A

is the placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone

48
Q

Transurethral prostatectomy

A

is the removal of excess tissue from an enlarged prostate gland with the use of a resectoscope

49
Q

Uremia

A

AKA uremic poisoning, is a toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney function is compromised and urea and other waste products normally secreted in the urine are retained in the blood

50
Q

Ureterolith

A

is a stone located anywhere along the ureter

51
Q

Ureterorrhagia

A

is the discharge of blood from the ureter

52
Q

Urethritis

A

is an inflammation of the urethra

53
Q

Urethroplasty

A

is the surgical repair of damage or a defect in the walls of the urethra

54
Q

Urethrorrhagia

A

is bleeding from the urethra

55
Q

Urethrostenosis

A

or urethral stricture, is narrowing of the urethra. This condition occurs almost exclusively in men and is caused by scarring from infection or injury

56
Q

Urethrotomy

A

is a surgical incision into the urethra for relief of a stricture

57
Q

Urinary Catheterization

A

AKA cathing, is the insertion of a flexible plastic tube called a catheter into the bladder to withdraw urine for diagnostic purposes, to allow urine to drain freely, or to place a fluid such as a chemotherapy solution

58
Q

Vesicovaginal Fistula

A

is an abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina that allows constant involuntary flow of urine from the bladder into the vagina

59
Q

Voiding cystourethrography

A

is a diagnostic procedure in which fluoroscopy is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra

60
Q

Wilms tumor

A

AKA nephroblastoma, is a rare type of malignment tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children. There is a high cure rate for this condition when treated promptly

Medical terminology (20 decks)

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