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Medical terminology > Chapter 2 medical terms > Flashcards

Chapter 2 medical terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anatomy

A

the study of the structures of the body

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2
Q

anatomical position

A

standing up straight so that the body is erect and facing forward
holding arms at the sides with the hands turned so that the palms face toward the front

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3
Q

abdominal cavity

A

contains the MAJOR organs of digestion. The cavity is frequently referred to simply as the abdomen

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4
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

(cancerous) (tumor) malignant tumor that originates in the glands and may spread to other parts of the body

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5
Q

adenoma

A

benign tumor that starts in the epithelial tissue of a gland or gland like structure

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6
Q

anaplasia

A

a change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other

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7
Q

anomaly

A

a deviation from what is regarded as normal

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8
Q

anterior

A

situated in the front, front or forward part of organ

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9
Q

aplasia

A

the defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue

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10
Q

atresia

A

congenital absence or narrowing of a normal body opening or passage

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11
Q

autopsy

A

postmortem examination. Determine cause of death, or evaluating the presence of disease and the effectiveness of treatment

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12
Q

bloodborne transmission

A

the spread of pathogens through infected blood or other body fluids. Infected fluids must enter the bloodstream to cause infection

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13
Q

caudal

A

toward the lower part of the body (tail)

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14
Q

cephalic

A

toward the head

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15
Q

chromosome

A

genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell

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16
Q

communicable disease

A

any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either directly or indirect contact with contaminated objects

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17
Q

congenital disorder

A

abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth

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18
Q

cytoplasm

A

the material within the cell membrane that is NOT part of the nucleus

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19
Q

distal

A

situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure

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20
Q

dorsal

A

back of the organ or body

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21
Q

dysplasia

A

the abnormal development or growth of cells within a type of tissue

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22
Q

endemic

A

ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area

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23
Q

endocrine glands

A

produce hormones, do not have ducts

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24
Q

epidemic

A

a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a population, group, or area

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25
Q

epigastric region

A

located above the stomach

26
Q

hypogastric region

A

located below the stomach

27
Q

hypoplasia

A

underdevelopment of an organ or tissue, usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells

28
Q

iatrogenic illness

A

is an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment

29
Q

idiopathic disease

A

any disease WITHOUT a known cause

30
Q

infectious disease

A

an illness caused by living pathogenic organism such as bacteria and virus

31
Q

inguinal

A

relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen

32
Q

medial

A

direction toward, or nearer, the midline

33
Q

mesentery

A

(hold intestine in place) fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall

34
Q

midsagittal plane (aka midline)

A

is the sagittal plane that divide the body into EQUAL left and right halves

35
Q

nosocomial infection (aka hospital acquired infection)

A

is a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting

36
Q

pandemic

A

refers to an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide

37
Q

pathology

A

the study of a disease: its nature and cause as well as the produced changes in structure and function

38
Q

pelvic cavity

A

the space formed by the hip bones and contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems

39
Q

peritoneum

A

multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity

40
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum

41
Q

physiology

A

the study of the functions of the structures of the body

42
Q

posterior

A

situated in the back/back part of an organ

43
Q

proximal

A

situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure (near)

44
Q

retroperitoneal

A

located behind the peritoneum

45
Q

stem cells

A

unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division

46
Q

syndrome

A

a set of signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a specific disease process

47
Q

thoracic cavity (aka chest or thorax)

A

surrounds and protects the heart and lungs

48
Q

transverse plane

A

a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions

49
Q

umbilicus (aka belly button/navel)

A

where the umbilical cord was attached before birth

50
Q

vector-borne transmission (aka insect bite)

A

is the spread of certain disease through blood-sucking vectors

51
Q

ventral

A

the front, belly side, of the organ or body

52
Q

etiology

A

the study of the causes of diseases or abnormal condition

53
Q

exocrine glands

A

secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to organs or out of the body (sweat)

54
Q

functional disorder (aka non organic disorder)

A

produces physical symptoms for which no disease or other organic cause can be identified (chronic fatigue syndrome)

55
Q

genetic disorder (aka hereditary disease)

A

is a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene

56
Q

geriatrician (gerontologist)

A

is a physician who specializes in the care of older people

57
Q

hemophilia

A

hereditary bleeding disorder in which a blood-clotting factor is missing (severe bleeding/hemorrhages occur due to this disorder)

58
Q

histology

A

the microscopic study of the structure, composition, and functions of tissues

59
Q

homeostasis

A

the processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment

60
Q

hyperplasia

A

an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ

61
Q

hypertrophy

A

a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not number, of cells in the tissues

Medical terminology (20 decks)

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