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Medical terminology > Chapter 5 medical terms > Flashcards

Chapter 5 medical terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

a condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets. Associated with abnormal bleeding

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2
Q

Thrombolytic

A

(clot-busting drug) dissolves or causes a thrombus to break up

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3
Q

Thrombosis

A

abnormal condition of having a thrombus

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4
Q

Thrombotic occlusion

A

blocking of an artery by a thrombus

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5
Q

Thrombus

A

a blood clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein

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6
Q

Transfusion reaction

A

a serious and potentially fatal complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patient’s blood and the donated blood do not match

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7
Q

Varicose veins

A

are abnormally swollen veins that usually occur in the superficial veins of the legs. This condition occurs when the valves in the veins do not function properly, so blood pools in the veins, causing them to enlarge

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8
Q

Venous thromboembolism

A

(VTE) is a blood clot that originates in a vein

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9
Q

Deep vein thrombosis

A

(DVT) is a thrombus attached to the interior wall of a deep vein

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10
Q

Ventricular fibrillation

A

(V-fib), consists of rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles. Instead of pumping strongly, the heart muscle quivers ineffectively

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11
Q

Pericardium

A

AKA pericardial sac, is the double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart

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12
Q

Pernicious anemia

A

caused by a lack of the protein intrinsic factor (IF) that helps the body absorb vitamin BI2 from the gastrointestinal tract
*Vitamin BI2 is necessary for the formation of red blood cells

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13
Q

Phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein

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14
Q

Raynaud’s disease

A

peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold temperatures or stress

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15
Q

Sepsis

A

(septicemia) potentially life-threatening infection that results from bacteria or other infectious organisms entering bloodstream

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16
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

serious genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape

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17
Q

Tachycardia

A

abnormally rapid resting heart rate (heartbeat rate of greater than 100 BPM)

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18
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

(Giant cell arteritis ) caused by inflammation of the temporal arteries supplying blood to the head and brain

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19
Q

Thallium stress test

A

nuclear imaging test performed to evaluate how well blood flows through the coronary arteries of the heart muscle during exercise by injecting a small amount of thallium into the blood stream

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20
Q

Hemorrhage

A

The loss of a large amount of blood in a short time

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21
Q

Hemostasis

A

stop or control bleeding

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22
Q

Leukemia

A

a type of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal leukocytes

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23
Q

Leukocytes

A

blood cells involved in defending the body against infective organisms and foreign substances

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24
Q

Leukopenia

A

decrease in the number of disease-fighting white blood cells circulating in the blood

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25
Q

Megaloblastic anemia

A

blood disorder characterized by anemia in which the red blood cells are larger than normal

26
Q

Mitral valve prolapse

A

(MVP) the abnormal protrusion of a heart valve that results in the inability of the valve to close completely

27
Q

Myelodysplastic Syndrome

A

type of cancer in which there is insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of the bone marrow

28
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

(MI) AKA heart attack, is the occlusion (blockage) of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup

29
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

(postural hypotension) low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up and remains lower than normal as long as the patient remains standing

30
Q

Coronary artery disease

A

(CAD) aka coronary heart disease (CHD) is atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces the blood supply to the heart muscle

31
Q

Coronary Thrombosis

A

Damage of the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery

32
Q

Defibrillation

A

Emergency use of electrical shock to restore the heart’s normal rhythm

33
Q

Diuretic

A

administered to stimulate the kidneys to increase the secretion of urine to rid the excess sodium and water

34
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

(EKG or ECG) record of the electrical activity of the myocardium

35
Q

Embolism

A

sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus

36
Q

Embolus

A

foreign object, such as a blood clot, quantity of air or gas, or a bit of tissue or tumor, that is circulating in the blood

37
Q

Endocarditis

A

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

38
Q

Erythrocytes

A

mature red blood cells produced by the red bone marrow

39
Q

Hemoglobin

A

oxygen-carrying blood protein pigment of the erythrocytes

40
Q

Hemolytic anemia

A

inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to the premature destruction of red blood cells by the spleen

41
Q

Automated external defibrillator

A

(AED) is designed for use by nonprofessionals in emergency situations when defibrillation is required

42
Q

Beta blocker

A

reduces the workload of the heart by slowing the rate of the heartbeat

43
Q

Bradycardia

A

abnormally slow resting heart rate

44
Q

Cardiac arrest

A

an event in which the heart abruptly stops beating or develops an arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood effectively

45
Q

Cardiac catheterization

A

diagnostic and treatment procedure in which a catheter is passed into a vein or artery and then guided into the heart

46
Q

Cholesterol

A

fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found all parts of the body, aids in the production of cell membranes, some hormones, and vitamin D

47
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

the term used to describe all diseases of the heart muscle

48
Q

Carotid endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged carotid artery leading to the brain

49
Q

chronic venous insufficiency

A

(venous insufficiency) a condition in which venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage OR leakage of venous valves

50
Q

ACE inhibitor

A

(angiotensin-converting enzyme) blocks the action of the enzyme that causes the blood vessels to contract, resulting in hypertension

51
Q

Anemia

A

lower than normal number of erythrocytes in the blood

52
Q

Aneurysm

A

localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery

53
Q

Angina

A

severe episodes of chest pain occur due to an inadequate blood flow to the myocardium

54
Q

Angioplasty

A

the technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel

55
Q

Anticoagulant

A

slows coagulation and prevents new clots forming

56
Q

Aplastic anemia

A

absence of all formed blood elements caused by the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow

57
Q

Arrhythmia

A

loss of the normal rhythm of the heart beat

58
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

hardening and narrowing of the arteries caused by the buildup of cholesterol plaque in the interior walls

59
Q

Atherectomy

A

surgical removal of plaque buildup from the interior of an artery

60
Q

Atrial fibrillation

A

(A-fib) normal rhythmic contractions of the atria are replaced by rapid, uncontrolled twitching of the muscular heart wall

61
Q

Ventricular tachycardia

A

(V-tach) is a very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles. This condition is potentially fatal because the heart is beating so rapidly that it is unable to adequately pump blood through the body

Medical terminology (20 decks)

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