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Medical terminology > Chapter 3 medical terms > Flashcards

Chapter 3 medical terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Multiple Myeloma

A

Cancer that occurs in blood-making
plasma cells found in the red bone marrow

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2
Q

Open Fracture

A

(compound fracture) which the bone Is broken and there is an open wound in the skin

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3
Q

Orthopedic surgeon (orthopedist)

A

physician who specializes
in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles

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4
Q

Orthotic

A

mechanical appliance , such as a shoe insert, leg brace , or a splint, designed to support, contol, correct, or compensate

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5
Q

Osteitis

A

inflammatin of a bone

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6
Q

Osteoarthritis (OA)

A

wear and tear arthritis, most commonly associated with aging

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7
Q

Osteochondroma

A

benign bony projection covered with cartilage

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8
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

inflammathon of the bone marrow and adjacent bone

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9
Q

Osteomalacia

A

(adult ricket) abnormal softening of bones in adults

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10
Q

Osteopenia

A

thinner than average bone density

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11
Q

Osteoporosis

A

marked loss of bone density
and an increase in bone porosity frequently associated with aging

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12
Q

Osteoporotic hip fracture

A

(Broken hip) Usually caused by the weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis

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13
Q

Paget’s disease

A

abnormal breakdown of bone , usually in
the pelvis, skull, spine and legs, followed by abnormal bone formation. The new bone is often structurally enlarged misshapen

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14
Q

Pathologic fracture

A

when a bone breaks under normal strain. Due to bones weakened by osteoporosis or a disease process such as cancer

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15
Q

Percutaneous vertebroplasty

A

performed to treat osteoporosis related compression fractures

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16
Q

Fat embolus

A

form when a long bone is fractured due to an accident or surgery and fat cells from yellow bone marrow are released into the blood

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17
Q

Hallux valgus

A

(Bunion) abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe

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18
Q

Gout

A

(gouty arthritis) type of inflammatory arthritis characterized by deposits of urate crystals in the joints

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19
Q

Hemarthrosis

A

Blood within a joint. This condition is frequently due to a joint injury

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20
Q

Hematopoietic

A

pertaining to the formation of blood cells

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21
Q

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

A

autoimmune disorder that affects children ages 16 years or younger, with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slow growth, and fatigue

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22
Q

Kyphosis

A

abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side

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23
Q

Laminectomy

A

the surgical removal of the lamina or posterior portion of a vertebra

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24
Q

Lordosis

A

abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine

25
Q

Lumbago

A

(low back pain) general term for pain in the lumbar region of the spine

26
Q

Malleolus

A

rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint

27
Q

Manubrium

A

The bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum

28
Q

Metacarpals

A

Five bones that form the palms of the hand

29
Q

Metatarsals

A

Five bones that form that part of the foot to which the toes are attached

30
Q

Acetabulum

A

also known as the hip socket, is the large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis

31
Q

Allogenic

A

originating within another

32
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

(AS) a type of arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae

33
Q

Arthrodesis

A

(surgical ankylosis) is the surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint, such as an ankle

34
Q

Arthroscopy

A

the visual examination of the internal structures of a joint

35
Q

Autologous

A

originating within an individual

36
Q

Avascular necrosis

A

(osteonecrosis) an area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow, often to the hip

37
Q

Bone marrow transplant

A

(BMT) is a stem cell transplant used to treat certain types of cancers, such as leukemia and lymphomas

38
Q

Callus

A

Also the thickening of skin, forms as a bulging deposit around the area of the break. (This tissue eventually becomes bone)

39
Q

Chondromalacia

A

the abnormal softening of cartilage

40
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

the bone is splintered or crushed, comminuted means crushed into small pieces

41
Q

Compression fracture

A

occurs when the bone is pressed together on itself

42
Q

Costochondritis

A

inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum

43
Q

Crepitation

A

grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together (it is also known as crepitus)

44
Q

Dual x-ray absorptiometry

A

a low-experience radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density

45
Q

Podiatrist

A

Holds a Doctor of Podiatry and specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot

46
Q

Polymyalgia Rheumatica

A

inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness

47
Q

Prosthesis

A

substitute for a diseased or missing body part, such as a leg that has been amputated

48
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

(RA) chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked

49
Q

Scoliosis

A

Abnormal lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine

50
Q

Spina Bifida

A

Congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely

51
Q

Rickets

A

Deficiency disease occurring in children. Defective bone growth resulting from a lack of vitamin D. necessary for the body to maintain calcium and phosphorus levels in the bones

52
Q

Spinal stenosis

A

narrowing of the spaces within the spine, potentially putting pressure on the nerves and spinal cord

53
Q

Spinal fracture

A

complete fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart

54
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebra on the vertebrae or sacrum

55
Q

Spondylosis

A

(spinal osteoarthritis) degenerative disorder can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function

56
Q

Subluxation

A

partial displacement of a bone from its joint

57
Q

Synovectomy

A

surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint

58
Q

Vertebrae

A

(26 of them) The spinal column, each bony unit is a vertebra

59
Q

Radiculopathy

A

condition caused by the compression of a nerve in the spine (pinched nerve)

Medical terminology (20 decks)

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