Chapter 3 medical terms Flashcards
Multiple Myeloma
Cancer that occurs in blood-making
plasma cells found in the red bone marrow
Open Fracture
(compound fracture) which the bone Is broken and there is an open wound in the skin
Orthopedic surgeon (orthopedist)
physician who specializes
in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles
Orthotic
mechanical appliance , such as a shoe insert, leg brace , or a splint, designed to support, contol, correct, or compensate
Osteitis
inflammatin of a bone
Osteoarthritis (OA)
wear and tear arthritis, most commonly associated with aging
Osteochondroma
benign bony projection covered with cartilage
Osteomyelitis
inflammathon of the bone marrow and adjacent bone
Osteomalacia
(adult ricket) abnormal softening of bones in adults
Osteopenia
thinner than average bone density
Osteoporosis
marked loss of bone density
and an increase in bone porosity frequently associated with aging
Osteoporotic hip fracture
(Broken hip) Usually caused by the weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis
Paget’s disease
abnormal breakdown of bone , usually in
the pelvis, skull, spine and legs, followed by abnormal bone formation. The new bone is often structurally enlarged misshapen
Pathologic fracture
when a bone breaks under normal strain. Due to bones weakened by osteoporosis or a disease process such as cancer
Percutaneous vertebroplasty
performed to treat osteoporosis related compression fractures
Fat embolus
form when a long bone is fractured due to an accident or surgery and fat cells from yellow bone marrow are released into the blood
Hallux valgus
(Bunion) abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
Gout
(gouty arthritis) type of inflammatory arthritis characterized by deposits of urate crystals in the joints
Hemarthrosis
Blood within a joint. This condition is frequently due to a joint injury
Hematopoietic
pertaining to the formation of blood cells
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
autoimmune disorder that affects children ages 16 years or younger, with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slow growth, and fatigue
Kyphosis
abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side
Laminectomy
the surgical removal of the lamina or posterior portion of a vertebra
Lordosis
abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine
Lumbago
(low back pain) general term for pain in the lumbar region of the spine
Malleolus
rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint
Manubrium
The bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum
Metacarpals
Five bones that form the palms of the hand
Metatarsals
Five bones that form that part of the foot to which the toes are attached
Acetabulum
also known as the hip socket, is the large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis
Allogenic
originating within another
Ankylosing spondylitis
(AS) a type of arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae
Arthrodesis
(surgical ankylosis) is the surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint, such as an ankle
Arthroscopy
the visual examination of the internal structures of a joint
Autologous
originating within an individual
Avascular necrosis
(osteonecrosis) an area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow, often to the hip
Bone marrow transplant
(BMT) is a stem cell transplant used to treat certain types of cancers, such as leukemia and lymphomas
Callus
Also the thickening of skin, forms as a bulging deposit around the area of the break. (This tissue eventually becomes bone)
Chondromalacia
the abnormal softening of cartilage
Comminuted fracture
the bone is splintered or crushed, comminuted means crushed into small pieces
Compression fracture
occurs when the bone is pressed together on itself
Costochondritis
inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum
Crepitation
grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together (it is also known as crepitus)
Dual x-ray absorptiometry
a low-experience radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density
Podiatrist
Holds a Doctor of Podiatry and specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness
Prosthesis
substitute for a diseased or missing body part, such as a leg that has been amputated
Rheumatoid arthritis
(RA) chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked
Scoliosis
Abnormal lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine
Spina Bifida
Congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely
Rickets
Deficiency disease occurring in children. Defective bone growth resulting from a lack of vitamin D. necessary for the body to maintain calcium and phosphorus levels in the bones
Spinal stenosis
narrowing of the spaces within the spine, potentially putting pressure on the nerves and spinal cord
Spinal fracture
complete fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart
Spondylolisthesis
forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebra on the vertebrae or sacrum
Spondylosis
(spinal osteoarthritis) degenerative disorder can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function
Subluxation
partial displacement of a bone from its joint
Synovectomy
surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint
Vertebrae
(26 of them) The spinal column, each bony unit is a vertebra
Radiculopathy
condition caused by the compression of a nerve in the spine (pinched nerve)
