Chapter 8 medical terms Flashcards
Aerophagia
is the excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking and is a common cause of gas in the stomach
Anastomosis
surgical connection between two hollow, or tubular, structures
Antiemetic
medication that is administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting
Ascites
abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
Bariatrics
the branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and management of obesity and associated diseases
Borborygmus
the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine
Cachexia
a condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS
Canker sores
Aka aphthous ulcers, are gray-white pits with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth
Celiac disease
An autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to ingesting gluten
Cheilitis
Aka cheilosis, is inflammation of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth
Cholangiography
is a radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium
Cholangitis
an acute inflammation of the bile ducts characterized by pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, fever, and jaundice
Cholecystectomy
the surgical removal of the gallbladder which is not necessary for survival
Cholecystitis
the inflammation of the gallbladder, usually associated with gallstones blocking the flow of bile
Cholelithiasis
is the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts
Cirrhosis
chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring
Colonoscopy
is the direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum using a colonoscope
Colostomy
the surgical creation of artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface
Crohn’s disease
(CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however, it is most often found in the ileum and in the colon
Dental prophylaxis
professional examining, cleaning, and polishing of the gums and teeth to remove plaque and tartar
Diverticulitis
sometimes develops as a result of diverticulosis, is the inflammation or infection of one or more diverticulum in the colon
Diverticulosis
is the chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula, or sacs, formed in weak spots of the colon wall
Dysphagia
difficulty in swallowing
Endoscopy
visual examination of internal structures
Enema
is the placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity
Enteritis
is an inflammation of the small intestine caused by ingesting substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens which causes diarrhea
Eructation
the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach
Esophageal varices
enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
(EGD) is an endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract
Gastroduodenostomy
is the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
(GERD) is the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus
Gastroparesis
is a condition in which gastric mobility slows down, causing delayed gastric emptying
Gastrostomy tube
is a surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body on the abdomen, directly into the stomach
Hematemesis
is the vomiting of coagulated blood
Hemoccult test
Aka fecal occult blood test, is a laboratory test for hidden blood in the stool
Hepatitis
an inflammation of the liver usually caused by a viral infection
Hiatal Hernia
is an anatomical abnormality in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm
Hyperemesis
is extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration
Ileus
is the partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine. Also known as paralytic ileus
Inguinal Hernia
is the protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin
Jaundice
is a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes. This condition is caused by greater-than-normal amounts of bilirubin in the blood
Leukoplakia
an abnormal white, usually benign lesion (sore) that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheeks
Malocclusion
any deviation from the normal positioning of the upper teeth against the lower teeth
Melena
in contrast to hematochezia, is the passage of black, tarry, foul-smelling stools. Often indicates bleeding in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract
Nasogastric intubation
is the placement of a nasogastric feeding tube (NG tube) through the nose and into the stomach
Obesity
weight classifications based on BMI that are higher than a healthy weight for someone based on their height, gender, and age
Palatoplasty
surgical repair of a cleft palate, also used to refer to the repair of a cleft lip
Peptic ulcer disease
(PUD) is characterized by sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system
Peristalsis
is a series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in a single directions that moves the food forward into the digestive system
Polyp
is a mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane. Not all polyps are malignant
Proctologist
is a physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus
Regurgitation
is the return of swallowed food into the mouth
Salmonellosis
also referred to as Salmonella, is transmitted by feces, either through direct contact with animals, or by eating contaminated raw or undercooked meat, poultry, seafood, and eggs or unpasteurized milk products
Sigmoidoscopy
is the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon
Stomatitis
is an inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth
Trismus
also known as lockjaw, describes any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation
Ulcerative colitis
is a chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation
Volvulus
is the twisting of the intestine on itself, causing an obstruction
Xerostomia
also known as dry mouth, is the lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands
