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Medical terminology > Chapter 8 medical terms > Flashcards

Chapter 8 medical terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Aerophagia

A

is the excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking and is a common cause of gas in the stomach

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2
Q

Anastomosis

A

surgical connection between two hollow, or tubular, structures

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3
Q

Antiemetic

A

medication that is administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting

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4
Q

Ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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5
Q

Bariatrics

A

the branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and management of obesity and associated diseases

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6
Q

Borborygmus

A

the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine

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7
Q

Cachexia

A

a condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS

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8
Q

Canker sores

A

Aka aphthous ulcers, are gray-white pits with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth

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9
Q

Celiac disease

A

An autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to ingesting gluten

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10
Q

Cheilitis

A

Aka cheilosis, is inflammation of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth

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11
Q

Cholangiography

A

is a radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium

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12
Q

Cholangitis

A

an acute inflammation of the bile ducts characterized by pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, fever, and jaundice

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13
Q

Cholecystectomy

A

the surgical removal of the gallbladder which is not necessary for survival

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14
Q

Cholecystitis

A

the inflammation of the gallbladder, usually associated with gallstones blocking the flow of bile

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15
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

is the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts

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16
Q

Cirrhosis

A

chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring

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17
Q

Colonoscopy

A

is the direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum using a colonoscope

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18
Q

Colostomy

A

the surgical creation of artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface

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19
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

(CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however, it is most often found in the ileum and in the colon

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20
Q

Dental prophylaxis

A

professional examining, cleaning, and polishing of the gums and teeth to remove plaque and tartar

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21
Q

Diverticulitis

A

sometimes develops as a result of diverticulosis, is the inflammation or infection of one or more diverticulum in the colon

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22
Q

Diverticulosis

A

is the chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula, or sacs, formed in weak spots of the colon wall

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23
Q

Dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

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24
Q

Endoscopy

A

visual examination of internal structures

25
Q

Enema

A

is the placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity

26
Q

Enteritis

A

is an inflammation of the small intestine caused by ingesting substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens which causes diarrhea

27
Q

Eructation

A

the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach

28
Q

Esophageal varices

A

enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus

29
Q

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

A

(EGD) is an endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract

30
Q

Gastroduodenostomy

A

is the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum

31
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

A

(GERD) is the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus

32
Q

Gastroparesis

A

is a condition in which gastric mobility slows down, causing delayed gastric emptying

33
Q

Gastrostomy tube

A

is a surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body on the abdomen, directly into the stomach

34
Q

Hematemesis

A

is the vomiting of coagulated blood

35
Q

Hemoccult test

A

Aka fecal occult blood test, is a laboratory test for hidden blood in the stool

36
Q

Hepatitis

A

an inflammation of the liver usually caused by a viral infection

37
Q

Hiatal Hernia

A

is an anatomical abnormality in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm

38
Q

Hyperemesis

A

is extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration

39
Q

Ileus

A

is the partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine. Also known as paralytic ileus

40
Q

Inguinal Hernia

A

is the protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin

41
Q

Jaundice

A

is a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes. This condition is caused by greater-than-normal amounts of bilirubin in the blood

42
Q

Leukoplakia

A

an abnormal white, usually benign lesion (sore) that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheeks

43
Q

Malocclusion

A

any deviation from the normal positioning of the upper teeth against the lower teeth

44
Q

Melena

A

in contrast to hematochezia, is the passage of black, tarry, foul-smelling stools. Often indicates bleeding in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract

45
Q

Nasogastric intubation

A

is the placement of a nasogastric feeding tube (NG tube) through the nose and into the stomach

46
Q

Obesity

A

weight classifications based on BMI that are higher than a healthy weight for someone based on their height, gender, and age

47
Q

Palatoplasty

A

surgical repair of a cleft palate, also used to refer to the repair of a cleft lip

48
Q

Peptic ulcer disease

A

(PUD) is characterized by sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system

49
Q

Peristalsis

A

is a series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in a single directions that moves the food forward into the digestive system

50
Q

Polyp

A

is a mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane. Not all polyps are malignant

51
Q

Proctologist

A

is a physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus

52
Q

Regurgitation

A

is the return of swallowed food into the mouth

53
Q

Salmonellosis

A

also referred to as Salmonella, is transmitted by feces, either through direct contact with animals, or by eating contaminated raw or undercooked meat, poultry, seafood, and eggs or unpasteurized milk products

54
Q

Sigmoidoscopy

A

is the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon

55
Q

Stomatitis

A

is an inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth

56
Q

Trismus

A

also known as lockjaw, describes any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation

57
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

is a chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation

58
Q

Volvulus

A

is the twisting of the intestine on itself, causing an obstruction

59
Q

Xerostomia

A

also known as dry mouth, is the lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands

Medical terminology (20 decks)

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