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Medical terminology > Chapter 4 medical terms > Flashcards

Chapter 4 medical terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abduction

A

the movement of a limb (arm or leg) AWAY from the midline of the body

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2
Q

adduction

A

the movement of a limb (arm or leg) TOWARD the midline of the body

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3
Q

adhesion

A

a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally

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4
Q

ataxia

A

the lack of a muscle coordination during voluntary movement

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5
Q

atonic

A

lacking normal muscle tone or strength

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6
Q

atrophy

A

Weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures. Caused by pathology or by disease of the muscle over a long period of time

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7
Q

bradykinesia

A

extreme slowness in movement

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8
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

symptoms occur when the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel into the hand are chronically overused and become inflamed and swollen

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9
Q

chronic fatigue syndrome

A

(CFS) is a disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems

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10
Q

circumduction

A

circular movement at the far end of a limb

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11
Q

compartment syndrome

A

involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the compartment (enclosed space created by the fascia)

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12
Q

contracture

A

permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin (normal elastic connective tissues are replaced with non elastic fibrous tissues)

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13
Q

dyskinesia

A

distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motions

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14
Q

dystonia

A

movement disorder characterized by involuntary and sometimes repetitive contraction of certain muscles

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15
Q

dorsiflexion

A

movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle

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16
Q

electromyography

A

(EMG) diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within the muscle fibers in response to nerve sim

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17
Q

epicondylitis

A

inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

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18
Q

exercise physiologist

A

a specialist who works under a physician to develop, implement , and coordinate exercise programs and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness

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19
Q

fasciitis

A

inflammation of a fascia

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20
Q

fibromyalgia

A

is a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms

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21
Q

ganglion cyst

A

benign, fluid filled lump that usually occurs on the outer surface of the wrist or hand. sometimes as a result of a past injury

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22
Q

heel spur

A

calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the calcaneus bone, causing pain

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23
Q

hemiparesis

A

a weakness or slight paralysis affecting one side of the body

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24
Q

hemiplegia

A

total paralysis affecting only one side of the body

25
Q

hernia

A

occurs when tissues, such as part of the internal organ, protrudes through a weak area in the muscle normally containing it

26
Q

hyperkinesia

A

(hyperactivity) abnormal muscle function or activity

27
Q

hypotonia

A

condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles

28
Q

impingement syndrome

A

occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint

29
Q

innervation

A

stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve

30
Q

insertion

A

where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon

31
Q

intermittent claudication

A

pain in leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest

32
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

(muscular dystrophies) group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement

33
Q

myoclonus

A

quick involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles

34
Q

myofascial release

A

specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia , movement restrictions, carpal tunnel syndrome, and myofascial pain syndrome

35
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction. Produces weakness and rapid fatigue of voluntary muscles

36
Q

myoparesis

A

weakness or slight muscles paralysis

37
Q

myorrhaphy

A

surgical suturing of a muscle

38
Q

neuromuscular

A

pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle

39
Q

oblique

A

means slanted or at an angle

40
Q

origin

A

where the muscle begins, and it is located nearest the midline of the body (on less movable part)

41
Q

paralysis

A

loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply

42
Q

paraplegia

A

(partial paralysis) the paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body

43
Q

physiatrist

A

physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function

44
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot causes foot or heel pain when walking

45
Q

polymyositis (PM)

A

is a muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles

46
Q

pronation

A

the act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward/backward

47
Q

quadriplegia

A

(tetraplegia) paralysis of all four extremities

48
Q

sarcopenia

A

the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging

49
Q

shin splint

A

painful condition caused by muscle tearing away from the tibia

50
Q

singultus

A

(hiccups) myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccups sound with each spasm

51
Q

sphincter

A

ring like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway

52
Q

sprain

A

injury to a joint, such as the ankle, knee, wrists, which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn

53
Q

tendinopathy

A

general term for irritation or degeneration of a tendon in any joint. ex) rotator cuff

54
Q

tenodesis

A

surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone

55
Q

tenolysis

A

release of a tendon from adhesions

56
Q

tenotomy

A

surgical cutting of a tendon to provide release or allow lengthening

57
Q

tenosynovitis

A

an inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon

58
Q

torticollis

A

(wryneck) stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side

59
Q

transverse

A

crosswise direction (horizontal)

Medical terminology (20 decks)

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