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Medical terminology > Chapter 7 medical terms > Flashcards

Chapter 7 medical terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Anoxia

A

the absence of oxygen from the body’s tissues and organs even though there is an adequate flow of blood

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2
Q

Antitussive

A

commonly known as cough medicine, is administered to prevent or relieve coughing

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3
Q

Aphonia

A

the loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds (patients with aphonia are only able to whisper)

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4
Q

Asbestosis

A

Caused by asbestos particles in the lungs and usually occur after working with asbestos

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5
Q

Asphyxia

A

the loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get the oxygen it needs to function ( can be caused by choking, suffocation, drowning, or inhaling gases

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6
Q

Asthma

A

chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes, often triggered by an allergic reaction

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7
Q

Atelectasis

A

collapsed lung, is the incomplete expansion of part or all of a lung due to a blockage of the air passages or pneumothorax

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8
Q

Bradypnea

A

abnormally slow rate of respiration, usually of less than 10 breaths per minute

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9
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

permanent thickening of the walls of the bronchi, caused by chronic infection and inflammation

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10
Q

Bronchodilator

A

inhaled medication that relaxes and expands the bronchial passages into the lungs

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11
Q

Bronchorrhea

A

an excessive discharge of watery mucus from the bronchi

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12
Q

Bronchoscopy

A

visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope

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13
Q

Bronchospasm

A

a contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles, tightening and squeezing the airway shut

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14
Q

Cheyne - Stokes respiration

A

an irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respirations followed by slower respiration or apnea

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15
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

(COPD) is a group of lung diseases in which the bronchial airflow is obstructed, making it difficult to breathe out

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16
Q

Croup

A

an acute respiratory infection in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around the vocal cords resulting in a barking cough and stridor

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17
Q

Cyanosis

A

bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood

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18
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

(CF) is a life-threatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus

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19
Q

Dysphonia

A

difficulty in speaking, which may include any impairment in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of a boy’s voice during puberty

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20
Q

Dyspnea

A

shortness of breath, is difficult or labored breathing

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21
Q

Emphysema

A

progressive, long-term loss of lung function, usually due to smoking

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22
Q

Empyema

A

refers to a collection of pus in any body cavity

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23
Q

Endotracheal intubation

A

the passage of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway, especially when a patient must be placed on a ventilator

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24
Q

Epistaxis

A

also known as nosebleed, is bleeding from the nose that may be caused by dry air, injury, medication to prevent blood clotting, or high blood pressure

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25
Q

Hemoptysis

A

the expectoration of blood or blood-strained sputum derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes as the result of a pulmonary or bronchial hemorrhage

26
Q

Hemothorax

A

a collection of blood in the pleural cavity condition results from chest trauma, such as a stab wound, or it can be caused by disease or surgery

27
Q

Hypercapnia

A

also known as CO2 retention, is the abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood

28
Q

Hyperpnea

A

commonly associated with exertion, is breathing that is deeper and more rapid than is normal at rest

29
Q

Hypopnea

A

shallow or slow respiration

30
Q

Hypoxemia

A

the condition of having low oxygen levels in the blood, usually due to respiratory disorders or heart conditions

31
Q

Hypoxia

A

condition of having deficient oxygen levels in the body’s tissues and organs, however, it is less severe than anoxia

32
Q

Laryngitis

A

is an inflammation of the larynx

33
Q

Laryngoscopy

A

the visual examination of the larynx and vocal cords using a flexible or rigid laryngoscope inserted through the mouth

34
Q

Laryngospasm

A

the sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx

35
Q

Mediastinum

A

the middle section of the chest cavity and is located between the lungs

36
Q

Nebulizer

A

an electronic device that pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a mist, which is then inhaled by the patient via a face mask or mouthpiece

37
Q

Otolaryngologist

A

also known as an ENT (ear, nose, throat) is a physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the head and neck

38
Q

Pertussis

A

Aka whooping cough, is a contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal cough, followed by breathlessness and a noisy inspiration

39
Q

Pharyngitis

A

also known as a sore throat, is an inflammation of the pharynx

40
Q

Pleural effusion

A

the excess accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. This produces a feeling of breathlessness because it prevents the lung from fully expanding

41
Q

Pleurisy

A

Aka Pleuritis, is an inflammation of the pleura, the membranes that cover the lungs and line the pleural cavity

42
Q

Pleurodynia

A

a sharp chest pain that occurs when the inflamed pleural membranes rub against each other with each inhalation

43
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

any fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by mineral dust in the lungs after prolonged environmental or occupational contact

44
Q

Pneumonectomy

A

the surgical removal of all or part of a lung

45
Q

Pneumonia

A

(PNA) is a serious inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other fluids

46
Q

Pneumothorax

A

the accumulation of air in the pleural space resulting in a pressure imbalance that causes the lung to fully or partially collapse

47
Q

Polysomnography

A

Aka sleep study, measures physiological activity during sleep and is often performed to detect nocturnal defects in breathing associated with sleep apnea

48
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

An accumulation of fluid in lung tissues, especially the alveoli. Often a symptom of heart failure

49
Q

Pulmonologist

A

is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the respiratory system

50
Q

Pulse oximeter

A

An external monitor placed on the patient’s fingertip or earlobe to measure oxygen saturation level in the blood

51
Q

Pyothorax

A

Aka Pleural empyema , the presence of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural membrane resulting from a bacterial infection

52
Q

Sinusitis

A

an inflammation of the sinuses

53
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

a potentially serious disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep for periods long enough to cause a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels

54
Q

Spirometer

A

a recording device that measures the amount of air inhaled or exhaled (volume) and the length of time required for each breath

55
Q

Tachypnea

A

an abnormally rapid rate of respiration, usually of more than20 breaths per minute

56
Q

Thoracentesis

A

is the surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity

57
Q

Thoracotomy

A

is a surgical incision into the chest wall to open the pleural cavity for biopsy or treatment

58
Q

Tracheostomy

A

surgical creation of a stoma into the trachea below the vocal cords to insert a temporary or permanent tube to facilitate breathing

59
Q

Tracheotomy

A

is a procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage

60
Q

Tuberculosis

A

which is an infectious disease caused by Myobacterium tuberculosis, usually attacks the lungs; however, it can also affect other parts of the body

Medical terminology (20 decks)

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