Chapter 9- IQ and Intellegence Flashcards
Intelligence test
Diagnostic tool designed to measure overall thinking ability
Abstract thinking
Capacity to understand hypothetical concepts
General intelligence (g)
Hypothetical factor that accounts for overall difference in intellect among others
Specific abilities (s)
Our particular skills are reflected in specific abilities
Fluid intelligence
Capacity to learn new ways of solving problems
Crystallized intelligence
Accumulated knowledge of the world acquired over time
Multiple intelligences
Idea that people vary in their ability level across different domains of intellectual skill
Triarchic model
Model of intelligence proposed by Robert Sternberg that consist of three distinct types of intelligence
- Analytical
- Practical
- Creative
Analytical
“Book smart” closely related to g
Practical
“Street smart”, also known as social intelligence
Creative
“Outside the box thinking”, often measured using tests of divergent thinking
Stanford- Binet IQ test
Intelligence test based on the Measure developed by Binet and Simon, adapted by Lewis German of Stanford university
Intelligence quotient (IQ)
Systematic means of quantifying differences among people in their intelligence
Mental age
Age corresponding to the average individual’s performance on an intelligence test
Chronological age
How old you actually are
Deviation IQ
Expression of a person’s IQ relative to his or her same-aged peers
Eugenics
Movement in the early twentieth century to improve a populations genetic stock by encouraging those with good genes to reproduce, discouraging those with bad genes from reproducing or both
Wechsler Adult intelligence scale (WAIS)
Most widely used intelligence test for adults today, consisting of 15 subsets to assess different types of mental abilities
Culture- fair IQ test
Abstract reasoning measure that does not depend on language and is often believed to be less influenced by cultural factors than other IQ tests
Best known cultural- fair test
Ravens Progressive Matrices (used as a nonverbal measure of intelligence)
Reliability
Reliability refers to consistency of measurement. One important type of reliability is test- reset reliability
Validity
Validity refers to the extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure
Example: it is the ability to forecast or predict future outcomes
Threshold effect
Implies that above a certain level ,IQ intelligence is no longer predictive of important real world accomplishments
Bell curve
Distribution of scores, in which the bulk of the scores fall towards the middle
Intellectual disability
Characterized by childhood onset of low IQ (below about 70) and inability to engage in adequate daily functioning
Flynn Effect
Finding that average IQ scores have been rising at a rate of approximately three points per decade
Within-group heritability
Extent to which the variability of a trait within a group is genetically influenced
Between-group heritability
Is the extent to which the difference in a trait between groups is genetically influenced
Emotional reasoning
Also known as the effect heuristic
Test bias
Tendency of a test to predict outcomes better in one group, than another
Stereotype threat
Fear that we may confirm a negative group stereotype
Divergent thinking
“Outside the box thinking” and is the capacity to generate many different solutions to problems
Convergent thinking
Capacity to find a single best answer to a problem
Emotional intelligence
Ability to understand our own emotions, and those of others, and to apply this information to our daily lives
Wisdom
Application of intelligence toward a common good
Ideological immune system
Our psychological defences against evidence that contradicts our views
