Chapter 9- IQ and Intellegence

Question 1

Intelligence test

Answer 1

Diagnostic tool designed to measure overall thinking ability

Question 2

Abstract thinking

Answer 2

Capacity to understand hypothetical concepts

Question 3

General intelligence (g)

Answer 3

Hypothetical factor that accounts for overall difference in intellect among others

Question 4

Specific abilities (s)

Answer 4

Our particular skills are reflected in specific abilities

Question 5

Fluid intelligence

Answer 5

Capacity to learn new ways of solving problems

Question 6

Crystallized intelligence

Answer 6

Accumulated knowledge of the world acquired over time

Question 7

Multiple intelligences

Answer 7

Idea that people vary in their ability level across different domains of intellectual skill

Question 8

Triarchic model

Answer 8

Model of intelligence proposed by Robert Sternberg that consist of three distinct types of intelligence

1. Analytical
2. Practical
3. Creative

Question 9

Analytical

Answer 9

“Book smart” closely related to g

Question 10

Practical

Answer 10

“Street smart”, also known as social intelligence

Question 11

Creative

Answer 11

“Outside the box thinking”, often measured using tests of divergent thinking

Question 12

Stanford- Binet IQ test

Answer 12

Intelligence test based on the Measure developed by Binet and Simon, adapted by Lewis German of Stanford university

Question 13

Intelligence quotient (IQ)

Answer 13

Systematic means of quantifying differences among people in their intelligence

Question 14

Mental age

Answer 14

Age corresponding to the average individual’s performance on an intelligence test

Question 15

Chronological age

Answer 15

How old you actually are

Question 16

Deviation IQ

Answer 16

Expression of a person’s IQ relative to his or her same-aged peers

Question 17

Eugenics

Answer 17

Movement in the early twentieth century to improve a populations genetic stock by encouraging those with good genes to reproduce, discouraging those with bad genes from reproducing or both

Question 18

Wechsler Adult intelligence scale (WAIS)

Answer 18

Most widely used intelligence test for adults today, consisting of 15 subsets to assess different types of mental abilities

Question 19

Culture- fair IQ test

Answer 19

Abstract reasoning measure that does not depend on language and is often believed to be less influenced by cultural factors than other IQ tests

Question 20

Best known cultural- fair test

Answer 20

Ravens Progressive Matrices (used as a nonverbal measure of intelligence)

Question 21

Reliability

Answer 21

Reliability refers to consistency of measurement. One important type of reliability is test- reset reliability

Question 22

Validity

Answer 22

Validity refers to the extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure

Example: it is the ability to forecast or predict future outcomes

Question 23

Threshold effect

Answer 23

Implies that above a certain level ,IQ intelligence is no longer predictive of important real world accomplishments

Question 24

Bell curve

Answer 24

Distribution of scores, in which the bulk of the scores fall towards the middle

Question 25

Intellectual disability

Answer 25

Characterized by childhood onset of low IQ (below about 70) and inability to engage in adequate daily functioning

Question 26

Flynn Effect

Answer 26

Finding that average IQ scores have been rising at a rate of approximately three points per decade

Question 27

Within-group heritability

Answer 27

Extent to which the variability of a trait within a group is genetically influenced

Question 28

Between-group heritability

Answer 28

Is the extent to which the difference in a trait between groups is genetically influenced

Question 29

Emotional reasoning

Answer 29

Also known as the effect heuristic

Question 30

Test bias

Answer 30

Tendency of a test to predict outcomes better in one group, than another

Question 31

Stereotype threat

Answer 31

Fear that we may confirm a negative group stereotype

Question 32

Divergent thinking

Answer 32

“Outside the box thinking” and is the capacity to generate many different solutions to problems

Question 33

Convergent thinking

Answer 33

Capacity to find a single best answer to a problem

Question 34

Emotional intelligence

Answer 34

Ability to understand our own emotions, and those of others, and to apply this information to our daily lives

Question 35

Wisdom

Answer 35

Application of intelligence toward a common good

Question 36

Ideological immune system

Answer 36

Our psychological defences against evidence that contradicts our views