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Psychology > Chapter 15- Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 15- Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Demonic model

A

view of mental illness in which odd behaviour, hearing voices, or talking to oneself was attributed to evil spirits infesting the body

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2
Q

malleus malleficarum

A

was used to assist in identifying witches, whose many religious figures believed were possessed by the devil

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3
Q

medical model

A

view of mental illness as due to a physical disorder requiring medical treatment

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4
Q

Asylums

A

institution for those with mental illness

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5
Q

moral treatment

A

approach to mental illness calling for dignity, kindness and respect for those with mental illness

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6
Q

deinstitutionalization

A

governmental policy in the 1960s and 1970s that focused in releasing hospitalized psychiatric patients into the community and closing mental hospitals

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7
Q

psychopathic personality

A

condition marked by dishonesty, manipulativeness and an absence of guilt and empathy

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8
Q

psychiatric diagnosis serve at least two critical functions

A
  1. They help us pinpoint the psychological problem
  2. psychiatric diagnoses make it easier for mental health professional to communicate
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9
Q

Labelling theorists

A

scholars who argue that psychiatric diagnoses exert powerful negative effects on people’s perceptions and behaviours

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10
Q

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM)

A

diagnostic system containing the American psychiatric association criteria for mental disorders

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11
Q

prevalence

A

percentage of people within a population who have a specific mental disorder

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12
Q

Comorbidity

A

co-occurrence of two or more diagnoses within the same person

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13
Q

Categorical model

A

model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in kind rather than degree

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14
Q

Dimensional model

A

model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in degree rather than kind (opposite of categorical model)

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15
Q

insanity defence

A

legal defence proposing that people should not be held legally responsible for their actions if they were not of “sound mind” when committing them

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16
Q

involuntary commitment

A

procedure of placing some people with mental illnesses in a psychiatric hospital or other facility based on their potential danger to themselves or others, or their inability to care for themselves

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17
Q

somatic symptom disorder

A

conditions marked by physical symptoms that suggest an underlying medical illness, but that are actually psychological in origin

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18
Q

illness anxiety disorder

A

an individuals continual preoccupation with the notion that he or she has serious physical disease

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19
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

continual feelings of worry, anxiety, physical tension, and irritability across many areas of life functioning

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20
Q

panic attacks

A

brief, intense episode of extreme fear characterized by sweating, dizziness, light headedness, racing heartbeat, and feelings of impending death or going crazy

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21
Q

panic disorder

A

repeated and unexpected panic attacks along with either persistent concerns about future attacks or a change in personal behaviour in an attempt to avoid them

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22
Q

phobia

A

intense fear of an object or situation that is greatly out of proportion to its actual threat

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23
Q

Agoraphobia

A

fear of being in a place or situation in which escape is difficult or embarrassing, or in which help is unavailable in the event of a panic attack

24
Q

specific phobias

A

intense fear of objects, places or situations that is greatly out of proportion to their actual threat

25
Q

social anxiety disorder

A

intense fear of negative evaluation in social situations

26
Q

Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

marked emotional disturbance after experiencing or witnessing a severely stressful event

27
Q

obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

condition marked by repeated and lengthy ( at least one hour a day) immersion in obsessions, compulsions or both

28
Q

obsession

A

persistent ideas, thoughts, or impulses that are unwanted and inappropriate and cause marked distress

29
Q

compulsions

A

repetitive behaviours or mental acts that they undertake to reduce or prevent distress, or relieve shame and guilt

30
Q

hoarding

A

is a serious combination of impulsiveness, reflected in the urge to accumulate, compulsive acquisition of obsessions and anxiety related avoidance of parting with what is hoarded

31
Q

learning theorist beloved tidy fear can arise in two additional ways

A
  1. we can acquire fears by observing others engage in fearful behaviours
  2. fears can stem from information or misinformation from others
32
Q

Anxiety Sensitivity

A

Fear of anxiety related sensations

33
Q

Major depressive episode

A

state in which a person experiences a lingering depressed mood or diminished interest in pleasurable activities, along with symptoms that include weight loss and sleep difficulties

34
Q

cognitive model of depression

A

theory that depression is caused by negative beliefs and expectations

35
Q

Aaron Beck focused on the cognitive traits, three components of depressed thinking

A
  1. negative views of oneself
  2. negative views of the world
  3. negative views of the future
36
Q

learned helplessness

A

tendency to feel helpless in the face of events we can’t control

37
Q

manic episodes

A

experience marked by dramatically elevated mood, decreased need for sleep, greatly heightened energy, inflated self esteem, increased talkativeness and irresponsible behaviour

38
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

condition marked by a history of at least one manic episode

39
Q

personality disorder

A

condition in which personality traits, appearing first in adolescents, are inflexible, stable, expressed in a wide variety of situation, and lead to distress or impairment

40
Q

borderline personality disorder

A

condition marked by extreme instability in mood, identity, and impulse control

41
Q

psychopathic personality

A

condition marked by superficial charm, dishonesty, manipulativeness, self-centred ness, and risk taking

42
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

condition marked by a lengthy history of irresponsible and/or illegal actions

43
Q

dissociative disorder

A

condition involving disruption in consciousness, memory, identity or perception

44
Q

depersonalization/non-existent disorder

A

condition marked by multiple episodes of depersonalization

45
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

Inability to recall important personal information most often related to a stressful experience that cannot be explained by ordinary forgetfulness

46
Q

dissociative fugue

A

sudden, unexpected travel away from home or the workplace, accompanied by amnesia for significant life events

47
Q

dissociative identity disorder

A

condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states that recurrently take control of the persons behaviour

48
Q

Schizophrenia

A

sever disorder of thoughts and emotion associated with a loss of contact with reality

49
Q

delusions

A

strongly held, fixed beliefs that have no basis in reality

50
Q

psychotic symptoms

A

psychological problems reflecting serious distortion of reality

51
Q

Hallucinations

A

Sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of an external stimulus

52
Q

catatonic symptoms

A

motor problems including extreme resistance to complying with simple suggestions, holding the body in bizarre or rigid postures, or curling up in a fetal position

53
Q

diathesis stress model

A

perspective proposing that mental disorders are a joint product of a genetic vulnerability, called a diathesis and stressors that trigger this vulnerability

54
Q

autism spectrum disorder

A

DSM-5 category that includes autistic disorder and Asperger’s disorder

55
Q

Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

A

childhood condition marked by excessive inattention, impulsivity and activity

Psychology (8 decks)

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