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Psychology > Chapter 12- Stress, Coping and Health > Flashcards

Chapter 12- Stress, Coping and Health Flashcards

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1
Q

Stress

A

The tension, discomfort or physical symptoms that arise when a situation, called a stressor, a type of stimulus strains our ability to cope effectively

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2
Q

Traumatic event

A

Is a stressor that’s so severe it can produce long-term psychological or health consequences

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3
Q

Primary appraisal

A

Initial decision regarding whether an event is harmful

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4
Q

Secondary appraisal

A

Perceptions regarding our ability to cope with an event, following a primary appraisal

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5
Q

Problem focused coping

A

Coping strategy in which we problem solve and tackle life’s challenges head on

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6
Q

Emotion focused coping

A

Coping strategy that features a positive outlook on feelings or situations accompanied by behaviours that reduce painful emotions

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7
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Stress hormone that activates the body and prepares us to respond to stressful circumstances

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8
Q

General adaption syndrome (GAS)

A

Stress response pattern proposed by Hans Selye that consists of three stages

  1. Alarm
  2. Resistance
  3. Exhaustion
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9
Q
  1. Alarm reaction
A

Involves extraction of the automatic nervous system, the discharge of the stress hormone adrenaline, and physical symptoms of anxiety

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10
Q

Fight or Flight response

A

Physical and psychological reaction that mobilizes people and animals to either defend themselves (fight) or escape (flee) a threatening situation

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11
Q

Tend and befriend

A

Reaction that mobilizes people to nurture (tend) or seek social support (befriend) under stress

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12
Q

Oxytocin

A

Counters stress and promotes the tend and befriend response

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13
Q
  1. Resistance
A

In this stage people adapt to the stressors and find ways to cope with it

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14
Q
  1. Exhaustion stage
A

If our personal resources are limited and we lack good coping measures, our resistance many ultimately breakdown, causing our levels of activation to bottom out

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15
Q

Hassles

A

Minor annoyance or nuisance that strains our ability to cope

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16
Q

Social support

A

Relationship that people and groups can provide us with emotional comfort and personal financial resources

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17
Q

Gaining control: 5 steps

A
  1. Behavioural control
  2. Cognitive control
  3. Decisional control
  4. Informational control
  5. Emotional control
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18
Q
  1. Behavioural control
A

Is the ability to step up and do something to reduce the impact of a stressful situation or prevent it’s recurrence

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19
Q
  1. Cognitive control
A

Is the ability to cognitively restructure or think differently about negative emotions that arise in response to stress- provoking events

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20
Q
  1. Decisional Control
A

Is the ability to choose among alternative courses of action

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21
Q

Informational control

A

Informational o trip is the ability to acquire information about stressful events. Such as knowing what type of questions are on a standardized test

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22
Q

Emotional control

A

Emotional control is the ability to suppress and express emotions

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23
Q

Catharsis

A

Contrary to the popular notion that expressing what we feel is always beneficial, disclosing and a painful feeling

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24
Q

Proactive coping

A

Anticipation of problems and stressful situations that promotes effective coping

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25
Q

Crisis debriefing

A

Designed to help with PTSD. Crisis debriefing is a single session procedure, typically conducted in groups that usually lasts three to four hours

26
Q

Hardiness

A

Set of attitudes marked by a sense of control over events, commitment to life and work, and courage and motivation to confront stressful circumstances

27
Q

Optimism

A

Optimistic people are more productive, focused, persistent and better at handling frustration that pessimists

28
Q

Spirituality

A

Search for the sacred, which may or may not extend to belief in God

29
Q

Ruminating

A

Focusing on how bad we fell and endlessly analyzing the causes and consequences of our problems

30
Q

Immune system

A

Is our body’s defence against invading bacteria, viruses and other potentially illness-producing organisms and substances

31
Q

Antigens

A

Our first shield from these foreign invaders, is the skin

32
Q

Pathogens

A

Blocks the entry of many disease- producing organisms

33
Q

2 types of white blood cells

A
  1. Phagocytes
  2. Lymphocytes
34
Q
  1. Phagocytes
A

When people have an infection, this cell eats the invader

35
Q
  1. Lymphocytes
A

Are activated in the night and day battling to keep us healthy

  1. T cells
  2. B cells
36
Q
  1. T cells
A

A substance called cytokines, moves through the body and attaches to proteins on the surface of the-virus and cancer infected cells, popping them

37
Q
  1. B cells
A

Produce proteins called antibodies, which stick to the surface of invaders, slow their progress, and attract other proteins that destroy the foreign organism

38
Q

Acquired immune defensive syndrome (AIDS)

A

A life threatening, incurable, yet treatable condition in which the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks and damages the immune system

39
Q

Psychoneuroimmunology

A

The study of the relationship between the immune system and the central nervous system

40
Q

Peptic ulcer

A

An inflamed area in the gastrointestinal tract that can cause pain, nausea, and loss of appetite

41
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

An unusual bacterium that thrives in stomach, acid, which is the cause of about 90% of stomach ulcers

42
Q

Psychophysiological

A

Illnesses such as asthma and ulcers in which emotions and stress contribute to maintain or aggravate the physical condition

43
Q

Bio psychological perspective

A

The view than an illness or medical condition is the product of the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors

44
Q

Key risk factors of coronary heart disease

A

Stress and personality traits

45
Q

Coronary heart disease

A

Damage to the heart from the complete or partial blockage of the arteries that provide oxygen to the heart

46
Q

Cholesterol

A

A waxy, fatty substance that travels in the bloodstream, collect in the walls of the arteries, narrowing and blocking the coronary arteries, which creates a condition called atherosclerosis

47
Q

Type A personality

A

Personality type that describe people who are competitive, driven, hostile and ambitious

48
Q

Hostility

A

Is the most predictive of heart disease, among type A traits

49
Q

Health psychology

A

Filed of psychology, also called behavioural medicine, that integrates the behavioural sciences with the practice of medicine

50
Q

Heavy episodic drinking

A

Five or more drinks on one occasion for men and four or more drinks on one occasion for women

51
Q

Body mass index

A

An index that consists of height and weight

52
Q

Aerobic exercise

A

Promotes the use of oxygen in the body

53
Q

Alternative medicine

A

Health care practices and products used in place of conventional medicine

54
Q

Complementary medicine

A

Health care practices and products used together with conventional medicines

55
Q

Natural commonplace

A

Just because something is natural does not mean that it is necessarily safe or healthy for us

56
Q

Biofeedback

A

Feedback by a device that provides almost an immediate output of a biological function, such as heart rate or skin temperature

57
Q

Meditation

A

A variety of practices that train attention and awareness

58
Q

Acupuncture

A

Ancient Chinese practice of inserting thin needles into more than 2,000 points in the body to alter energy forces believed to run through the body

  • also helps relive nausea
59
Q

Meridians

A

Specific spot in which it is believed, channels subtle energy or life forces called qi

60
Q

Homeopathic medicine

A

Remedies that feature a small dose of an Illness-inducing substance to activate the body’s own natural defences

Psychology (8 decks)

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